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Anfífilos iónicos cónicos dotados de capacidad de micelización pero sin actividad interfacial aire-agua y aceite-agua
Hirohisa Nitta1, Koji Harano1, Mayuko Isomura1
1Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 26, 2017
Resumen
Los nuevos tensioactivos cónicos evitan la formación de espuma al impedir la formación de interfaz. Su forma única promueve la formación de micelas y hemimicelas, ayudando a la disolución de nanopartículas en agua, a diferencia de los surfactantes poliméricos tradicionales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Química supramolecular
- Ciencias de los materiales
- Ciencias de las superficies y coloides
Sus antecedentes:
- Los tensioactivos son anfífilos que se autoensamblan en el agua (micelización) y forman monocapas en las interfaces, reduciendo la tensión superficial.
- Los tensioactivos tradicionales a menudo producen espuma y emulsión debido a la formación de una sola capa.
- Los polímeros anfífilos existentes muestran actividad superficial pero carecen de un control estructural preciso.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Introducir una nueva clase de anfífilos cónicos con características estructurales distintas.
- Para investigar el comportamiento de auto-ensamblaje y las propiedades interfaciales de estos nuevos anfifiles.
- Explorar sus aplicaciones potenciales en la disolución y estabilización de nanopartículas.
Principales métodos:
- Síntesis de anfífilos cónicos con un ápice hidrofóbico y múltiples terminales iónicos.
- Medidas de la tensión superficial en las interfaces aire-agua y aceite-agua.
- Diseminación dinámica de la luz (DLS) para la determinación del tamaño de las micelas en soluciones acuosas.
- Estudios de adsorción en superficies sólidas para analizar la formación de hemicelos.
Principales resultados:
- La forma cónica y la alta densidad de carga de los anfífilos impiden la formación de una sola capa estable, inhibiendo así la espuma y la emulsificación.
- Estos anfífilos forman eficientemente micelas en el agua y hemimicelas en superficies sólidas.
- El autoensamblaje facilita la disolución y dispersión de las nanopartículas, incluidas las nanopartículas magnéticas y los nanocarburos.
Conclusiones:
- Los nuevos anfifiles cónicos ofrecen una alternativa única a los tensioactivos convencionales al prevenir fenómenos interfaciales no deseados como la formación de espuma.
- Su estructura distinta permite el autoensamblaje controlado, promoviendo la micelización y la hemimicelización para la solubilización efectiva de nanopartículas.
- Estos hallazgos resaltan el potencial de anfifiles de forma precisa en materiales avanzados y aplicaciones de nanotecnología.
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