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Alianzas ancestrales: simbiosis mutualistas de plantas con hongos y bacterias

Francis M Martin¹, Stéphane Uroz², David G Barker³

¹Department of Tree-Microbe Interactions (IaM), INRA-Lorraine University, INRA-Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France. francis.martin@inra.fr david.barker@inra.fr.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|May 27, 2017

Resumen

Los simbiontes de las plantas, como los hongos micorrízicos y las bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno, son vitales para la adquisición de nutrientes. Los mecanismos conservados en estas asociaciones de plantas y microbios ofrecen información sobre las interacciones más amplias de la microbiota vegetal.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología vegetal
Microbiología
Biología evolutiva

Sus antecedentes:

Los simbiontes microbianos mutualistas (hongos y bacterias) son cruciales para la adquisición de nutrientes en las plantas.
Estas simbiosis coevolucionaron con las plantas desde su adaptación terrestre.
A pesar de la divergencia evolutiva, las simbiosis micorrizales y de fijación de nitrógeno comparten características conservadas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para resaltar los mecanismos conservados en las asociaciones simbióticas entre plantas y microbios.
Para enfatizar las asociaciones micorrizales ancestrales.
Explorar cómo el conocimiento de estos mecanismos puede informar la comprensión de las asociaciones entre plantas y microbiota.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura existente sobre las vías de señalización simbiótica de las plantas.
Análisis de las estrategias de colonización de raíces que eluden la inmunidad de las plantas.
Examen de la formación de la interfaz huésped-microbio y las funciones de las fitohormonas.

Principales resultados:

Identificación de características altamente conservadas en diversas simbiosis de plantas.
Se hace hincapié en las vías de señalización simbiótica específicas de las plantas.
Destacando el papel de las fitohormonas en el desarrollo de las raíces durante la simbiosis.

Conclusiones:

Los mecanismos conservados sustentan varias simbiosis entre plantas y microbios.
La comprensión de las asociaciones micorrizales proporciona un marco para el estudio de la microbiota vegetal.
El conocimiento de estas interacciones es clave para comprender la adaptación de las plantas y la adquisición de nutrientes.

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