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Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

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The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...

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Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

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Diisopropillamida de sodio: agregación, disolución y estabilidad

Russell F Algera¹, Yun Ma¹, David B Collum¹

¹Baker Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|May 31, 2017

Resumen

La diisopropillamida de sodio (NaDA) forma dímeros estables en los disolventes de coordinación como el DMEA. La elección del disolvente dicta la estructura del dímero, influyendo en la reactividad y la estabilidad, con THF formando dímeros cíclicos y DME formando dímeros quelados.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Química orgánica de los metales
Química en estado de solución
Espectroscopia

Sus antecedentes:

La diisopropillamida de sodio (NaDA) es una base fuerte ampliamente utilizada en la síntesis orgánica.
Comprender su comportamiento en solución es crucial para controlar la reactividad.
Los disolventes coordinadores influyen significativamente en el estado de agregación y las propiedades de las amidas de metales alcalinos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para aclarar las estructuras de solución, estabilidades y reactividades de NaDA.
Investigar el impacto de varios disolventes coordinadores en la agregación de NAD.
Determinar los mecanismos de descomposición del disolvente por el NaDA.

Principales métodos:

Espectroscopia de resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) (por ejemplo, 1H, 13C, 7Li, 23Na).
Estudios computacionales (por ejemplo, cálculos de DFT).
Estudios cinéticos de la descomposición del disolvente.

Principales resultados:

El NaDA es estable en la DMEA, formando un dimero simétrico disuelto.
El tetrahidrofurano (THF) desplaza el DMEA, dando lugar a un dímero cíclico tetrasolvado.
El dimetoxietano (DME) y el TMEDA desplazan al DMEA, formando dímeros doblemente quelados.
Los ligandos tridentados actúan como ligandos bidentados.
Se determinaron las tasas de descomposición del disolvente, lo que sugiere mecanismos basados en monómeros para THF y DME.

Conclusiones:

El estado de agregación y la estructura del NaDA dependen en gran medida del disolvente coordinador.
La coordinación del disolvente influye en la estabilidad y la reactividad del NaDA.
Se proponen mecanismos basados en monómeros para la descomposición del THF y el DME por el NaDA.