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Oscilaciones de Bloch en ausencia de una red

Florian Meinert¹, Michael Knap², Emil Kirilov¹

¹Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 3, 2017

Resumen

Los átomos de impureza en líquidos cuánticos muestran reflejos de Bragg y movimiento periódico, similar a las oscilaciones de Bloch, debido a las correlaciones cuánticas y los efectos de dispersión en una dimensión. Esto ocurre incluso sin una estructura de celosía tradicional.

Área de la Ciencia:

La física cuántica
Física de la materia condensada
Física atómica

Sus antecedentes:

Las fuertes correlaciones cuánticas y la dinámica lejos del equilibrio pueden conducir a fenómenos inusuales.
Comprender el movimiento de la impureza cuántica en los sistemas cuánticos en interacción es crucial.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar experimentalmente el movimiento cuántico de un átomo de impureza en un líquido Bose 1D bajo una fuerza externa.
Explorar el surgimiento de nuevos fenómenos dinámicos en sistemas cuánticos fuertemente correlacionados.

Principales métodos:

Configuración experimental que incluye un átomo de impureza en un líquido Bose 1D.
Aplicación de una fuerza externa al sistema.
Medición de la distribución del momento de la impureza.
Simulaciones numéricas a gran escala para la verificación.

Principales resultados:

Reflexiones de Bragg características observadas en la distribución del momento de la impureza en un borde de la zona de Brillouin emergente.
Dinámica de impureza periódica demostrada análoga a las oscilaciones de Bloch en un líquido cuántico translationalmente invariante.
Reflexiones de Bragg atribuidas al orden cristalino de corto alcance y restricciones cinemáticas en el sistema 1D.

Conclusiones:

Los líquidos cuánticos pueden exhibir fenómenos parecidos a una red (reflejos de Bragg, oscilaciones de Bloch) sin una red física.
La interacción de las correlaciones cuánticas, el orden de corto alcance y la dispersión gobiernan la dinámica de las impurezas en los líquidos Bose 1D.

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