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Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a...
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Centrioles and Centrosomes01:13

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Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or...
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The Mitotic Spindle02:27

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The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
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Centrosome Duplication02:25

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The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
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Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

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As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall...
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Microtubules in Cell Motility01:24

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Microtubules are thick hollow cylindrical proteins that help form the cytoskeleton. Microtubules have varied roles in the cell. These filaments help form cellular appendages like cilia and flagella, which are responsible for locomotion. The cilia arise from basal bodies, separated from the main body by a membrane-like structure forming the transition zone. This zone is the gate for the entry of lipids and proteins, creating a unique composition of lipids and proteins in the ciliary membrane and...
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Imaging Centrosomes in Fly Testes
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Bases estructurales para el ensamblaje mitótico del centrosoma en las moscas

Zhe Feng1, Anna Caballe1, Alan Wainman1

  • 1The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.

Cell
|June 3, 2017
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

El ensamblaje de la centrosomina (Cnn) en andamios en el centrosoma mitótico requiere sus dominios de cremallera de leucina (LZ) y Cnn-motif 2 (CM2). Estos dominios forman tetrámeros, lo que permite la capacidad intrínseca de CNN para construir andamios esenciales.

Palabras clave:
Centrosomina y sus derivadosCnn tambiénEl PCMEn el caso de losEl centríoloel centrosomaLa mitosis

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología celular
  • Biología estructural
  • Biología molecular

Sus antecedentes:

  • La centrosomina (Cnn) es crucial para la formación de andamios que reclutan proteínas al centrosoma mitótico en las moscas.
  • El mecanismo preciso del montaje del andamio Cnn sigue siendo en gran medida desconocido.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para aclarar los mecanismos moleculares subyacentes en el ensamblaje del andamio de Centrosomin (Cnn).
  • Determinar la base estructural de las interacciones Cnn necesarias para la formación de centrosomas mitóticos.

Principales métodos:

  • Ensayos bioquímicos in vitro para caracterizar las interacciones proteína-proteína.
  • Determinación de la estructura cristalina del complejo Leucine Zipper (LZ) y Cnn-motif 2 (CM2).
  • Ensayos de ensamblaje in vitro con dominios LZ modificados y fosforilación de Plk1.
  • Estudios in vivo con mutagénesis para evaluar el impacto en el ensamblaje del andamio Cnn.

Principales resultados:

  • El ensamblaje de andamios requiere dominios de cremallera de leucina (LZ) y Cnn-motif 2 (CM2) conservados, que forman un complejo 2: 2.
  • La estructura cristalina revela proteínas LZ y CM2 que forman dímeros helicoidales que se ensamblan en un tetrámero.
  • La fosforilación de Plk1 in vitro estimula la formación de conjuntos a escala micrométrica entre la LZ y la CM2.
  • Las mutaciones que interrumpen la formación de tetrámeros LZ:CM2 afectan tanto a los conjuntos in vitro como a los conjuntos de andamio Cnn in vivo.

Conclusiones:

  • Las moléculas de Cnn poseen una capacidad intrínseca para la formación de grandes ensamblajes dependientes de las interacciones LZ:CM2.
  • Estos ensamblajes mediados por LZ:CM2 son críticos para el ensamblaje adecuado del centrosoma mitótico.
  • Este estudio proporciona los primeros conocimientos a nivel atómico sobre una interacción molecular clave que rige el ensamblaje mitótico del centrosoma.