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Estrategias de adquisición de nutrientes de las células de mamíferos
Wilhelm Palm1, Craig B Thompson1
1Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.
Nature
|June 9, 2017
Resumen
Las células utilizan varias vías de absorción de nutrientes para la flexibilidad metabólica y la supervivencia. Los factores de crecimiento y los sensores de nutrientes regulan esta absorción, que es crucial para el crecimiento de las células cancerosas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología celular
- Mecanismos moleculares del transporte de nutrientes
Sus antecedentes:
- Las células de los mamíferos importan nutrientes como la glucosa, los aminoácidos y los micronutrientes a través de transportadores y vías endolisomales.
- La flexibilidad metabólica permite a las células adaptarse a la disponibilidad de nutrientes y sobrevivir a la inanición.
- Las células quiescentes mantienen la homeostasis, mientras que las células proliferantes requieren una mayor absorción de nutrientes para la producción de biomasa, a menudo estimulada por factores de crecimiento.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para revisar las estrategias de adquisición de nutrientes celulares.
- Explorar la regulación de la absorción de nutrientes por los factores de crecimiento y los sensores celulares intrínsecos.
- Discutir el papel de los oncogenes y los supresores de tumores en la absorción y el crecimiento de los nutrientes de las células cancerosas.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura sobre la adquisición de nutrientes en las células.
- Análisis de los mecanismos reguladores relacionados con los factores de crecimiento y los sensores de nutrientes.
- Examen del impacto de los oncogenes y los supresores de tumores en el metabolismo celular.
Principales resultados:
- Las células emplean diversos transportadores de transmembrana y vías endolisomales para la importación de nutrientes.
- Los factores de crecimiento regulan dinámicamente la absorción de nutrientes para satisfacer las demandas celulares, particularmente para la proliferación.
- Los sensores de nutrientes intrínsecos a las células modulan la adquisición de nutrientes en función de las necesidades celulares.
- La absorción aberrante de nutrientes, impulsada por oncogenes y supresores de tumores, apoya la supervivencia y la proliferación de las células cancerosas.
Conclusiones:
- La adquisición de nutrientes celulares es un proceso estrictamente regulado esencial para la supervivencia celular, la homeostasis y la proliferación.
- Comprender estas vías proporciona información sobre la flexibilidad y la adaptación metabólica.
- Dirigirse a los mecanismos de absorción de nutrientes presenta estrategias terapéuticas potenciales para el tratamiento del cáncer.
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