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El sistema humanitario no sólo está roto, sino que está roto: recomendaciones para futuras acciones humanitarias
1Johns Hopkins Center for Humanitarian Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|June 13, 2017
Resumen
El sistema humanitario actual no satisface las necesidades de un número creciente de personas desplazadas. Las recomendaciones se centran en la integración de los sistemas de salud, la mejora de la coordinación y la garantía de intervenciones eficientes y sostenibles para futuras emergencias de salud pública.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud global
- Ayuda humanitaria
- Política de salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La escalada de las emergencias humanitarias está causando niveles sin precedentes de desplazamiento forzado.
- El sistema humanitario existente, diseñado para una época diferente, es inadecuado para los desafíos actuales.
- Las lecciones de crisis como el conflicto sirio y la epidemia de Ébola ponen de relieve los fracasos sistémicos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Proponer recomendaciones viables para la reforma del sistema humanitario.
- Mejorar la pertinencia y la eficacia de las respuestas de salud pública en las crisis humanitarias.
- Asegurar que el sistema pueda atender las necesidades de una creciente población desplazada.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de las lecciones aprendidas de las recientes crisis humanitarias a gran escala.
- Identificación de ámbitos clave para la mejora sistémica de la ayuda humanitaria.
- Desarrollo de una estrategia en cuatro frentes para las futuras respuestas de salud pública.
Principales resultados:
- Operacionalizar la importancia de la protección de las poblaciones afectadas.
- Integración de las personas desplazadas en los sistemas nacionales de salud a través del nexo entre la asistencia humanitaria y el desarrollo.
- Reformar las estructuras de liderazgo y coordinación en el sector humanitario.
- Mejorar la eficiencia, la eficacia y la sostenibilidad de las intervenciones.
Conclusiones:
- El sistema humanitario actual requiere una reestructuración fundamental, no una simple revisión.
- El éxito de la aplicación requiere la colaboración y la renuncia de la autoridad por parte de los gobiernos y las principales organizaciones.
- Estas reformas son cruciales para futuras respuestas efectivas de salud pública a las crisis mundiales.
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