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La enfermedad de Chagas
José A Pérez-Molina1, Israel Molina2
1National Referral Centre for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Insituto Ramón y Cajal de Investgación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain.
Lancet (London, England)
|July 5, 2017
Resumen
La enfermedad de Chagas, causada por Trypanosoma cruzi, sigue siendo un problema de salud importante en las Américas. Los mejores diagnósticos, tratamientos y estrategias de control son cruciales para controlar esta compleja infección parasitaria.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Enfermedades tropicales desatendidas
- Infecciones parasitarias
- La tripanosomiasis estadounidense
Sus antecedentes:
- La enfermedad de Chagas es una enfermedad parasitaria zoonótica endémica de las Américas, causada por Trypanosoma cruzi.
- La migración ha llevado a la propagación global de la enfermedad de Chagas.
- La enfermedad de Chagas crónica puede conducir a complicaciones graves como cardiomiopatía y megaviscera en el 30-40% de los casos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para destacar los desafíos persistentes en el manejo de la enfermedad de Chagas.
- Para enfatizar la necesidad de avances en el control, diagnóstico y tratamiento.
- Para subrayar la evolución de la población de pacientes y sus complejas necesidades.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de los conocimientos y desafíos actuales en la enfermedad de Chagas.
- Análisis de las limitaciones de las herramientas de diagnóstico, terapia y pronóstico existentes.
- Discusión sobre el cambiante panorama epidemiológico y la demografía de los pacientes.
Principales resultados:
- A pesar de más de un siglo de estudio, persisten importantes necesidades no cubiertas en el control y tratamiento de la enfermedad de Chagas.
- Los agentes terapéuticos actuales tienen una eficacia y tolerabilidad subóptimas.
- La población afectada es cada vez más compleja, incluidos los ancianos y los individuos inmunocomprometidos.
Conclusiones:
- Se requieren con urgencia mejoras sustanciales en el control epidemiológico, el diagnóstico, la terapia y el pronóstico.
- Abordar las limitaciones de los tratamientos actuales es fundamental para mejorar los resultados de los pacientes.
- Para luchar eficazmente contra la enfermedad de Chagas en el siglo XXI, es esencial reforzar la colaboración internacional y la investigación.
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