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Evolución del hongo explosivo del trigo a través de pérdidas funcionales en un determinante de la especificidad del

Yoshihiro Inoue¹, Trinh T P Vy¹, Kentaro Yoshida^1,2

¹Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|July 8, 2017

Resumen

La fiebre del trigo, una enfermedad devastadora de los cultivos, probablemente surgió en Brasil debido a prácticas específicas de cultivo de trigo y evolución de patógenos. Comprender estos factores es clave para prevenir futuros brotes.

Área de la Ciencia:

Patología vegetal
La genética
Biología evolutiva

Sus antecedentes:

La explosión de trigo, causada por el hongo Magnaporthe oryzae patótipo Triticum (Mgt), representa una amenaza significativa para la producción mundial de trigo.
El patógeno apareció por primera vez en Brasil en la década de 1980 y recientemente ha causado graves pérdidas de cultivos en Asia.
Los mecanismos evolutivos que impulsan el surgimiento de la explosión de trigo siguen siendo incompletamente entendidos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar los orígenes evolutivos de la explosión de trigo en Brasil.
Identificar los factores genéticos que contribuyen al salto del huésped del patógeno explosivo al trigo.

Principales métodos:

Análisis genético de los genes de la avirulencia en el hongo blast.
Clonado de genes de avirulencia (PWT3 y PWT4) y sus correspondientes genes de resistencia al trigo (Rwt3 y Rwt4).
Análisis de las distribuciones de genes y los datos históricos de cultivo de trigo en Brasil.

Principales resultados:

Se clonaron los genes de avirulencia PWT3 y PWT4, que desencadenan respuestas de defensa en cultivares de trigo con genes de resistencia Rwt3 y Rwt4, respectivamente.
El cultivo generalizado de trigo "rwt3", susceptible a los aislados de Lolium, precedió a la pérdida de la función del gen de avirulencia PWT3.
Esto sugiere que el trigo rwt3 actuó como un puente crucial para la adaptación del patógeno al trigo blando.

Conclusiones:

El surgimiento de la fiebre del trigo en Brasil probablemente se debió al despliegue de cultivares de trigo "rwt3" susceptibles.
La pérdida de función en el gen de avirulencia PWT3, facilitada por el trigo "rwt3", fue un paso crítico en la adaptación del patógeno al trigo.
La comprensión de estas dinámicas evolutivas es vital para desarrollar estrategias para controlar y prevenir la explotación del trigo.

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