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Poder predictivo del polígrafo: ¿puede el "detector de mentiras" realmente detectar a los mentirosos?
Lancet (London, England)
|March 8, 1986
Resumen
El polígrafo es el polígrafo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias Forenses Ciencias Forenses.
- Evaluación psicológica Evaluación psicológica.
Sus antecedentes:
- El polígrafo, o detector de mentiras, se propone cada vez más para su uso en los EE.UU. y el Reino Unido.
- La evaluación de la precisión de la prueba del polígrafo es crucial para su aplicación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para evaluar el valor predictivo positivo de las pruebas del polígrafo.
- Para determinar la confiabilidad de los resultados del polígrafo en la identificación del engaño.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de los datos publicados existentes de alta calidad sobre la sensibilidad y la especificidad del polígrafo.
- Cálculo del valor predictivo positivo basado en estos datos.
Principales resultados:
- El valor predictivo positivo del polígrafo es a menudo pobre en contextos de detección e investigación.
- Es probable que la mayoría de los resultados positivos del polígrafo sean falsos positivos.
- Las personas veraces tienen más probabilidades de ser falsamente identificadas como engañosas que los mentirosos reales para ser identificados correctamente.
Conclusiones:
- La utilidad del polígrafo como detector de mentiras es cuestionable debido a una alta tasa de falsos positivos.
- El uso extendido del polígrafo puede conducir a la acusación injusta de personas veraces.
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