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Los datos de actividad física a gran escala revelan la desigualdad de actividad en todo el mundo

Tim Althoff1, Rok Sosič1, Jennifer L Hicks2

  • 1Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.

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|July 11, 2017
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La inactividad física en todo el mundo causa millones de muertes al año. Este estudio revela que la desigualdad de actividad, no solo el volumen promedio, predice la obesidad, y la transitabilidad urbana reduce esta brecha, especialmente para las mujeres.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Salud global
  • Epidemiología
  • Planificación urbana

Sus antecedentes:

  • La inactividad física es una pandemia mundial que causa más de 5,3 millones de muertes al año.
  • En todo el mundo faltan datos a gran escala sobre los patrones de actividad física en la vida libre.
  • Los teléfonos inteligentes ofrecen una herramienta novedosa para la medición de la actividad física global.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar los patrones de actividad física global utilizando acelerometría de teléfonos inteligentes.
  • Analizar la relación entre la desigualdad de actividad, la obesidad y el entorno construido.
  • Comprender la brecha de género en la actividad física y sus determinantes.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó un conjunto de datos de 68 millones de días de actividad física de 717.527 personas en 111 países.
  • Empleó acelerometría de teléfonos inteligentes para el monitoreo de actividad a gran escala en el mundo real.
  • Distribución de actividad correlacionada, métricas de desigualdad y prevalencia de obesidad con datos de transitabilidad urbana.

Principales resultados:

  • Se observó una desigualdad significativa en la distribución de la actividad física dentro de los países.
  • La desigualdad de actividad, no el volumen promedio, fue un predictor más fuerte de la obesidad de la población.
  • La reducción de la actividad física en las mujeres contribuyó sustancialmente a la desigualdad general de la actividad.
  • Una mayor transitabilidad urbana se correlacionó con menores brechas de actividad de género y una menor desigualdad.
  • Los entornos para caminar promovieron una mayor actividad física en diversos grupos demográficos, particularmente las mujeres.

Conclusiones:

  • Abordar la desigualdad de la actividad física es crucial para las intervenciones de salud pública.
  • La planificación urbana y la promoción de entornos transitables pueden mitigar las disparidades de salud.
  • Aprovechar la tecnología como los teléfonos inteligentes permite la investigación y el desarrollo de políticas de salud a escala mundial.