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Impulsar mejoras en la vigilancia de enfermedades emergentes mediante el fortalecimiento de las capacidades
Jo E B Halliday1, Katie Hampson2, Nick Hanley3
1Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK. jo.halliday@glasgow.ac.uk.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 15, 2017
Resumen
El fortalecimiento de la vigilancia de las enfermedades en los países de ingresos bajos y medios (PIBM), centrándose en las enfermedades relevantes a nivel local, puede mejorar la detección de las enfermedades infecciosas emergentes (EID). Este enfoque mejora la equidad en salud y la seguridad global.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Seguridad de la salud mundial
- Epidemiología
- Política de salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- Las enfermedades infecciosas emergentes (EID) representan una amenaza global significativa para la salud humana, animal y vegetal.
- Las capacidades predictivas para la aparición de EID son actualmente limitadas.
- Los países de ingresos bajos y medios (LMIC) a menudo poseen la infraestructura de salud pública más débil para la detección y respuesta de EID, a pesar de la convergencia de los factores de emergencia de EID.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Proponer el fortalecimiento de la vigilancia de las enfermedades en los PIM como estrategia para mejorar la preparación para la EID.
- Resaltar cómo centrarse en enfermedades relevantes a nivel local puede crear capacidades transversales esenciales.
- Abordar las desigualdades en el sistema de salud y mejorar la seguridad sanitaria mundial.
Principales métodos:
- El estudio hace hincapié en un enfoque conceptual, abogando por la integración de la vigilancia local de enfermedades con una preparación más amplia para EID.
- Se pide la consideración de los contextos económicos, sociales y culturales dentro de los sistemas de vigilancia.
- El enfoque se centra en aprovechar las cargas sanitarias existentes para construir una infraestructura de vigilancia resistente.
Principales resultados:
- El fortalecimiento de la vigilancia local puede crear capacidades de adaptación cruciales para gestionar tanto las enfermedades endémicas como las amenazas de EID.
- La integración de las necesidades locales de salud en los sistemas de vigilancia puede abordar las desigualdades sanitarias.
- La mejora de la vigilancia en los LMIC puede mejorar la detección temprana y la contención de las EID.
Conclusiones:
- Centrar la vigilancia en enfermedades relevantes a nivel local en los PIM es una estrategia viable para reforzar la preparación para las EID.
- Este enfoque puede mejorar simultáneamente la equidad en salud y contribuir a los objetivos mundiales de seguridad sanitaria.
- La inversión en la capacidad de vigilancia local ofrece un doble beneficio para los desafíos sanitarios actuales y las futuras amenazas de EID.
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