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What is a Nervous System?01:25

What is a Nervous System?

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Organization of the Nervous System01:13

Organization of the Nervous System

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The nervous system is one of the most complex systems in our body. It is organized into two main divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS, comprising the brain and spinal cord, houses billions of neurons. The brain is housed in the skull, while the spinal cord is linked to the brain through the foramen magnum of the occipital bone and is surrounded by the protective structure of the vertebral column. It is responsible for processing various...
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Nervous System01:21

Nervous System

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The nervous system coordinates body functions through its complex network of nerve cells, enabling sensation and movement. It is divided into two primary parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. The brain acts as the body's control center, processing sensory information and coordinating responses. The spinal cord functions as a major signaling pathway for the brain and the rest of the body.
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Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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Functions of the Nervous System01:18

Functions of the Nervous System

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The nervous system is responsible for coordinating and regulating the body's functions. It functions through three main processes: sensory, integrative, and motor processes. Sensory function involves the detection and transmission of information about internal and external stimuli from sensory receptors to the CNS. The CNS processes this information through an integrative function, where it interprets and makes decisions based on the incoming sensory information. Finally, the motor function...
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Functional Divisions of the Nervous System01:23

Functional Divisions of the Nervous System

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The nervous system, responsible for sensing, integrating, and responding to various stimuli, is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The PNS has two functional divisions: the sensory or afferent division and the motor or efferent division.
The sensory division transmits information from sensory receptors in the body to the CNS. It provides the CNS with knowledge about somatic senses (such as tactile, thermal, pain, and proprioceptive sensations)...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Microdissection of Mouse Brain into Functionally and Anatomically Different Regions
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Microdissection of Mouse Brain into Functionally and Anatomically Different Regions

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Evolución del sistema nervioso humano Función, estructura y desarrollo

André M M Sousa1, Kyle A Meyer1, Gabriel Santpere1

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

Cell
|July 15, 2017
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La evolución del cerebro humano revela cambios en el tamaño del sistema nervioso y el número de neuronas en comparación con los primates. La investigación en curso explora los factores genéticos y de desarrollo que impulsan estas especializaciones humanas únicas.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia
  • Biología evolutiva
  • Anatomía comparada

Sus antecedentes:

  • El sistema nervioso humano, particularmente el cerebro, sostiene habilidades cognitivas únicas.
  • Comprender la evolución del sistema nervioso humano y su divergencia de los primates es crucial pero no está bien establecido.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar análisis comparativos recientes sobre la evolución del sistema nervioso humano.
  • Para resaltar los cambios en el tamaño, el número de neuronas y la organización de los circuitos neuronales.
  • Discutir los fundamentos de desarrollo, genéticos y moleculares de las especializaciones neuronales humanas.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis comparativos de las especies existentes.
  • Examen de los cambios evolutivos en el tamaño del sistema nervioso y el número de neuronas.
  • Investigación de la reorganización celular y molecular de los circuitos neuronales.

Principales resultados:

  • Evidencia de cambios evolutivos en el tamaño del sistema nervioso humano y el número de neuronas.
  • Identificación de la reorganización celular y molecular dentro de los circuitos neuronales.
  • Conocimiento de los mecanismos de desarrollo que impulsan las diferencias estructurales y funcionales.

Conclusiones:

  • El sistema nervioso humano exhibe cambios evolutivos significativos en comparación con los primates.
  • Los factores de desarrollo y genéticos son los principales impulsores de estas especializaciones.
  • El campo está preparado para estudios avanzados sobre la evolución y el desarrollo del sistema nervioso humano.