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La plasticidad epigenética y las características del cáncer

William A Flavahan¹, Elizabeth Gaskell¹, Bradley E Bernstein²

¹Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA, and Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|July 22, 2017

Resumen

Las aberraciones epigenéticas en la estructura de la cromatina pueden conducir al cáncer al alterar la expresión génica. Estos cambios pueden bloquear genes protectores o promover los dañinos, impulsando el desarrollo de tumores.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología molecular
La genética
Biología del cáncer

Sus antecedentes:

Los mecanismos epigenéticos regulan la expresión génica y los estados celulares.
Los paisajes epigenéticos aberrantes contribuyen a la patogénesis de enfermedades, incluido el cáncer.
Tanto los estados cromatínicos excesivamente restrictivos como los excesivamente permisivos tienen efectos perjudiciales.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar las funciones de las aberraciones epigenéticas en la iniciación y evolución del cáncer.
Para discutir cómo los cambios epigenéticos contribuyen a las características del cáncer.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura sobre los mecanismos epigenéticos en el cáncer.
Análisis de cómo los estados de la cromatina influyen en la expresión génica y el destino celular.
Examen del vínculo entre las aberraciones epigenéticas y las características del cáncer.

Principales resultados:

Las alteraciones epigenéticas pueden conducir a estados restrictivos que inhiben los supresores tumorales o estados permisivos que permiten la activación de oncogenes.
Estos cambios epigenéticos pueden impulsar la selección de células cancerosas con mutaciones ventajosas.
Las aberraciones epigenéticas están implicadas en todas las características clásicas del cáncer.

Conclusiones:

La desregulación epigenética es un factor crítico en el desarrollo y la progresión del cáncer.
Dirigirse a los mecanismos epigenéticos ofrece estrategias terapéuticas potenciales para el tratamiento del cáncer.

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