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Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics
Published on: January 25, 2019
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Secuenciación y ensamblaje de novo de 150 genomas de Dinamarca como referencia de población
Lasse Maretty1, Jacob Malte Jensen2,3, Bent Petersen4
1Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Nature
|July 27, 2017
Resumen
La secuenciación de alta cobertura permite excelentes ensamblajes de genoma de novo, revelando extensas variantes estructurales. Esto hace avanzar los estudios de variación genética y las iniciativas de medicina de precisión.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La genómica
- La bioinformática
- La genética humana
Sus antecedentes:
- Los métodos actuales para identificar la variación genética, como el mapeo de lectura corta y el ensamblaje local, son limitados.
- Estos enfoques a menudo pasan por alto las variantes estructurales y las variaciones en regiones genómicas complejas.
- El ensamblaje del genoma de novo a gran escala es crucial para el análisis genético integral.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Demostrar la viabilidad de construir ensamblajes de genoma de novo de alta calidad utilizando bibliotecas de pares de pares.
- Identificar un catálogo completo de variantes estructurales, incluidas las nuevas inserciones.
- Mejorar el poder de los estudios de cartografía de asociación para rasgos y enfermedades complejas.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó secuenciación de alta cobertura con bibliotecas de pares de mate de hasta 20 kilobases.
- Realizó el ensamblaje de novo en 150 individuos (50 tríos) del proyecto GenomeDenmark.
- Comparación de la calidad de ensamblaje con las tecnologías de secuenciación de larga lectura.
Principales resultados:
- Lograr ensamblajes de novo de calidad comparable a los costosos métodos de lectura larga.
- Identificó un rico conjunto de variantes estructurales, incluyendo numerosas nuevas inserciones.
- Se generaron 100 haplotipos complejos de histocompatibilidad principales completamente resueltos y se resolvieron porciones significativas del cromosoma Y.
Conclusiones:
- La secuenciación de alta cobertura con bibliotecas extendidas de pares de pares es efectiva para el ensamblaje del genoma de novo.
- El catálogo de variantes generado mejora el descifrado de las señales de mapeo de asociaciones.
- El estudio proporciona un genoma de referencia regional valioso, que apoya las iniciativas de medicina de precisión.
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