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La mutación predice 40 millones de años de evolución de las alas de la mosca
David Houle1, Geir H Bolstad1,2, Kim van der Linde1,3
1Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA.
Nature
|August 10, 2017
Resumen
La mutación
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología evolutiva
- La genética
- Biología del desarrollo
Sus antecedentes:
- Se debate el papel de la mutación en la configuración de la adaptación.
- Las hipótesis evolutivas sugieren que el suministro de mutaciones limita la adaptación, pero la evidencia empírica es limitada.
- Comprender el impacto de la mutación en la divergencia fenotípica es crucial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para cuantificar la relación entre la mutación, la variación genética y las tasas evolutivas.
- Para probar las hipótesis evolutivas con respecto al suministro de mutaciones como una restricción de la adaptación.
- Investigar la influencia de la mutación en la divergencia fenotípica en las moscas Drosophilid.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de datos morfométricos precisos de más de 50.000 alas de mosca Drosophilid.
- Cuantificación de la variación mutacional, la variación genética permanente y las tasas de evolución fenotípica.
- Comparación de datos empíricos con modelos evolutivos y hipótesis de restricciones.
Principales resultados:
- Demostró relaciones positivas inesperadamente fuertes entre la mutación, la variación genética permanente y las tasas evolutivas.
- Las tasas evolutivas observadas son significativamente más bajas que las predichas por la variación mutacional y permanente.
- Encontró evidencia inconsistente con las hipótesis de restricción simples, desafiando los modelos existentes de mutación en la evolución.
Conclusiones:
- La mutación y la variación genética permanente están fuertemente vinculadas a la tasa de evolución.
- Las tasas evolutivas parecen restringidas, no por el suministro de mutaciones, sino por otros factores.
- Los modelos existentes del papel de la mutación en la evolución requieren una reevaluación.
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