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Nuevo cráneo infantil del Mioceno africano arroja luz sobre la evolución de los simios
Isaiah Nengo1,2, Paul Tafforeau3, Christopher C Gilbert4,5,6
1Department of Anthropology, De Anza College, Cupertino, California 95104, USA.
Nature
|August 11, 2017
Resumen
El cráneo de simio fósil de Kenia revela ideas sobre la evolución temprana de los homínidos. Este descubrimiento arroja luz sobre los orígenes de los monos y los humanos durante la época del Mioceno.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Paleoantropología
- La evolución de los primates
- Descubrimientos fósiles
Sus antecedentes:
- La historia evolutiva de los humanos y los simios (hominoides) no se entiende bien.
- El registro fósil africano de la época del Mioceno consiste principalmente en mandíbulas y dientes aislados, lo que limita el conocimiento de la evolución del cráneo de los simios.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para describir el cráneo de mono fósil más completo encontrado hasta la fecha.
- Para investigar las características craneales y dentales de una nueva especie de simio fósil de Kenia.
Principales métodos:
- Excavación y análisis de un cráneo de mono fósil (KNM-NP 59050) del sitio del Mioceno Medio de Napudet, Kenia, de hace 13 millones de años.
- Imágenes de sincrotrón para visualizar los dientes permanentes sin erupción.
- Análisis morfológico comparativo con catarinas existentes y fósiles.
Principales resultados:
- El descubrimiento de KNM-NP 59050, una nueva especie de *Nyanzapithecus*, que representa el cráneo de simio fósil más completo descrito.
- El espécimen exhibe un ectotimpánico tubular completamente osificado, un rasgo derivado compartido con las catarrinas de la corona.
- El desarrollo y la morfología dentales muestran algunas similitudes con los hylobatids, pero carecen de sinapomorfías definitivas de hylobatids.
Conclusiones:
- Se sugiere que los Nyanzapitecines son hominoides de tallo, estrechamente relacionados con el origen de los simios existentes.
- Las características que se asemejan a los hilobátidos pueden haber evolucionado de forma independiente varias veces dentro de la evolución de los catarrhinos.
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