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Dos áreas para el reconocimiento de rostros familiares en el cerebro de los primates
Sofia M Landi1, Winrich A Freiwald1
1The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA. slandi@rockefeller.edu wfreiwald@rockefeller.edu.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 12, 2017
Resumen
Las caras conocidas se reconocen mejor que las desconocidas. Las nuevas áreas cerebrales en el lóbulo temporal ayudan a identificar caras conocidas, extendiendo la red central de procesamiento de caras.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- La neurociencia cognitiva
- Imágenes del cerebro de los primates
Sus antecedentes:
- El reconocimiento de caras familiares es más preciso que el reconocimiento de caras desconocidas, especialmente en condiciones de visualización difíciles.
- Los mecanismos neuronales subyacentes que distinguen el reconocimiento facial familiar y desconocido no se comprenden bien.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la base neuronal para el reconocimiento mejorado de caras familiares en comparación con caras desconocidas.
- Identificar las regiones del cerebro involucradas en el procesamiento de caras familiares utilizando imágenes de resonancia magnética funcional (fMRI).
Principales métodos:
- Se empleó la resonancia magnética funcional de todo el cerebro (fMRI) en macacos.
- El estudio comparó los patrones de actividad cerebral al ver caras y objetos familiares con los desconocidos.
Principales resultados:
- Las caras personalmente conocidas activaron la red de procesamiento facial del macaco más intensamente que las caras desconocidas.
- Se identificaron dos nuevas áreas de procesamiento facial en la corteza perirrinal y el polo temporal, reclutadas por rostros familiares.
- Estas áreas recién identificadas exhibieron una respuesta no lineal a las caras familiares que emergen de la borrosidad, a diferencia de la respuesta lineal de la red central a caras y objetos desconocidos.
Conclusiones:
- Dos áreas distintas del lóbulo temporal contribuyen a un sistema especializado para el reconocimiento familiar de rostros.
- Estas áreas amplían la red de procesamiento de caras conocida, lo que explica la mayor precisión para las caras familiares.
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