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Codificación de la prosodia del habla en la corteza auditiva humana

C Tang¹, L S Hamilton¹, E F Chang²

¹Department of Neurological Surgery and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|August 26, 2017

Resumen

Los científicos descubrieron que el cerebro procesa los contornos de la entonación, que transmiten el significado del habla, centrándose en el tono relativo, no en el tono absoluto. Esta actividad cerebral ocurre en el giro temporal superior.

Área de la Ciencia:

La neurociencia
La lingüística
Percepción auditiva

Sus antecedentes:

El tono intonativo es crucial para transmitir el significado lingüístico en los idiomas humanos.
Los oyentes perciben los contornos de entonación basados en el tono relativo, independientemente de los rangos vocales individuales.
Comprender la base neuronal del procesamiento de la entonación es clave para descifrar la percepción auditiva.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar la representación neural de los contornos de tono entonacional en el cerebro humano.
Para determinar si el cerebro codifica información de tono absoluto o relativo para la entonación.
Mapear las regiones cerebrales involucradas en el procesamiento de los contornos de la entonación por separado del contenido fonético y la identidad del hablante.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó electrocorticografía de alta densidad (ECoG) para registrar la actividad neuronal de la superficie del cerebro.
Los participantes escucharon oraciones con contornos de tono entonacional manipulados, contenido fonético e identidad del hablante.
Actividad cortical analizada en el giro temporal superior (STG) para la codificación selectiva de las características auditivas.

Principales resultados:

Los electrodos específicos en el giro temporal superior humano representaron selectivamente los contornos de la entonación.
Estos sitios sensibles a la entonación eran distintos de los que codificaban las características fonéticas o la identidad del hablante.
Las representaciones neuronales de los contornos de la entonación reflejaban el tono relativo, no el tono absoluto, confirmando el procesamiento normalizado por el altavoz.

Conclusiones:

El cerebro humano, específicamente el giro temporal superior, posee distintas poblaciones neuronales para procesar los contornos de la entonación.
El procesamiento de la entonación se basa en la codificación de cambios de tono relativos, lo que permite una percepción independiente del altavoz.
Este hallazgo avanza en nuestra comprensión de cómo el cerebro decodifica la compleja información lingüística de la prosodia del habla.

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