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Evidencia sobre la desigualdad en la salud de una encuesta nacional
Lancet (London, England)
|July 4, 1987
Resumen
La desigualdad social en salud es evidente en todas las clases sociales británicas, lo que afecta a la salud autoevaluada, la incidencia de enfermedades, la prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas y los niveles de aptitud física. Estas disparidades de salud muestran una relación gradual y consistente con la estructura de clase social.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Sociología de la Salud Sociología de la Salud.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las investigaciones anteriores sobre la desigualdad social en salud en Gran Bretaña se centraron principalmente en las tasas de mortalidad.
- Existen datos limitados sobre cómo varían los indicadores de salud más amplios en todo el espectro social.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar las diferencias de clase social en la morbilidad y la aptitud fisiológica en una muestra representativa de adultos británicos.
- Para determinar si las desventajas de salud se limitan a los estratos sociales más bajos o muestran un patrón gradual.
Principales métodos:
- Una encuesta amplia y representativa de adultos en Inglaterra, Gales y Escocia.
- La recopilación de datos incluyó el estado de salud autodefinido, la incidencia de enfermedades reportadas, la prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas y la aptitud fisiológica medida.
Principales resultados:
- Se observaron variaciones significativas de clase social en la autoevaluación de la salud, la incidencia de enfermedades y la prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas.
- La aptitud fisiológica también demostró marcadas diferencias entre las clases sociales.
- La desventaja de salud exhibió una relación regular y gradual con la estructura de clase social, no limitada a los más pobres.
Conclusiones:
- La desigualdad social en salud en Gran Bretaña se extiende más allá de la mortalidad, abarcando la morbilidad y la aptitud.
- Existe un gradiente consistente en el estado de salud a través de la estructura de clase social.
- Abordar las desigualdades en salud requiere comprender estas diferencias generalizadas y relacionadas con la clase.
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