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Chromatin Packaging01:32

Chromatin Packaging

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
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Chromatin Packaging02:21

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order...
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The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

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Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
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The Nucleosome Core Particle02:10

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Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
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Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

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Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
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The Nucleosome02:33

The Nucleosome

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DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
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3D Multicolor DNA FISH Tool to Study Nuclear Architecture in Human Primary Cells
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El proyecto 4D Nucleome

Job Dekker1, Andrew S Belmont2, Mitchell Guttman3

  • 1Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.

Nature
|September 15, 2017
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La Red Nucleoma 4D está mapeando la estructura y la dinámica del genoma en el espacio 3D y en el tiempo. Esta investigación proporciona información mecanicista sobre la organización nuclear y su papel en la regulación de los genes.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La genómica
  • Biología molecular
  • La biofísica

Sus antecedentes:

  • Comprender la organización del genoma es crucial para descifrar la regulación genética.
  • La arquitectura espacial y temporal del núcleo influye en las funciones celulares.
  • Los métodos actuales requieren un mayor desarrollo para un mapeo integral.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar y aplicar nuevos enfoques para mapear la estructura y la dinámica del genoma.
  • Para obtener conocimientos mecanicistas sobre la organización y la función nuclear.
  • Investigar el vínculo entre la organización del genoma y la regulación de los genes.

Principales métodos:

  • Desarrollo y evaluación comparativa de técnicas experimentales y computacionales.
  • Medir la conformación del genoma y la organización nuclear.
  • Combinando tecnologías validadas con el modelado biofísico.

Principales resultados:

  • Establecimiento de modelos cuantitativos de la organización espacial del genoma.
  • Analizar la organización del genoma en diversos estados biológicos.
  • Validación de enfoques para poblaciones celulares y células individuales.

Conclusiones:

  • La Red Nucleoma 4D avanza en la comprensión de la organización del genoma.
  • Los métodos desarrollados proporcionan nuevas herramientas para estudiar la función nuclear.
  • Este trabajo une la organización espacial del genoma con las ideas de regulación génica.