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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Microbiología
  • La genómica
  • La bioinformática

Sus antecedentes:

  • La caracterización del microbioma humano es crucial para comprender la salud y la enfermedad.
  • El Proyecto de Microbioma Humano (HMP) de los Institutos Nacionales de Salud (NIH) ha proporcionado extensos datos sobre la diversidad microbiana.
  • Una segunda ola de datos de HMP ofrece una visión más profunda de la personalización del microbioma.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Presentar nuevos datos metagenómicos del HMP, ampliando la caracterización del microbioma humano.
  • Para analizar la personalización del microbioma utilizando métodos computacionales actualizados.
  • Investigar la diversidad microbiana y funcional a través de los sitios del cuerpo y con el tiempo.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de 1.631 nuevos metagenomas (2.355 en total) de 265 individuos en diversos lugares y momentos del cuerpo.
  • Aplicación de técnicas actualizadas de elaboración de perfiles y ensamblaje para el análisis mejorado del microbioma.
  • Identificación de cepas, perfiles funcionales en todo el cuerpo y análisis de variación temporal.

Principales resultados:

  • Los clados de subespecies se identificaron como específicos para los sitios del cuerpo, con algunas especies que muestran diversidad filogenética que no se encuentran en genomas aislados.
  • Las vías microbianas se clasificaron en categorías universales, enriquecidas por el ser humano y enriquecidas por el sitio del cuerpo.
  • La variación microbiana se descompuso en subconjuntos estables, moderadamente variables y rápidamente variables a lo largo del tiempo.

Conclusiones:

  • Este conjunto de datos ampliado mejora la comprensión de la diversidad microbiana humana de referencia.
  • El estudio proporciona nuevas caracterizaciones de la función y la dinámica del microbioma personalizado.
  • Los hallazgos permiten una visión más profunda de las interacciones entre el huésped y los microbios y la salud personalizada.