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¿Cómo afectará el Brexit a la salud y los servicios de salud en el Reino Unido? Evaluación de tres posibles
Nick Fahy1, Tamara Hervey2, Scott Greer3
1Department of Primary Health Care Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|October 3, 2017
Resumen
El Brexit plantea amenazas significativas para el Servicio Nacional de Salud (NHS) y la salud pública del Reino Unido. Un escenario de Brexit suave minimizaría los riesgos para la salud, mientras que un Brexit fallido representa el mayor peligro.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Política de salud
- Estudios de la Unión Europea
Sus antecedentes:
- La salida del Reino Unido de la Unión Europea (UE) plantea desafíos complejos para el Servicio Nacional de Salud (NHS).
- La comprensión de las posibles implicaciones para la salud en diferentes escenarios del Brexit es crucial para el desarrollo de políticas.
- El marco de bloques de construcción del sistema de salud de la OMS ofrece un enfoque integral para evaluar estos impactos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar las consecuencias potenciales de varios escenarios de Brexit (suave, duro, fallido) en el sistema de salud del Reino Unido.
- Identificar las amenazas específicas y las oportunidades potenciales derivadas del Brexit para el NHS.
- Informar las decisiones políticas y el control parlamentario en materia de salud y Brexit.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizando el marco de bloques de construcción del sistema de salud de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS).
- Analizando tres escenarios distintos del Brexit: el suave, el duro y el fallido.
- Evaluar las repercusiones en la mano de obra, la financiación, las cadenas de suministro, los datos, la prestación de servicios y la gobernanza.
Principales resultados:
- Todos los escenarios del Brexit plantean amenazas sustanciales para el NHS, incluidas la escasez de mano de obra, los problemas de financiación y el acceso comprometido a productos farmacéuticos y suministros médicos.
- La prestación de servicios, especialmente en Irlanda del Norte, y las comparaciones internacionales de salud también están en riesgo.
- Existen oportunidades potenciales en ámbitos como el derecho de la competencia y la flexibilidad de la formación, dependiendo de la acción gubernamental.
Conclusiones:
- Se prevé que un Brexit suave represente la menor amenaza para la salud, mientras que un Brexit fallido representa el mayor riesgo.
- El control parlamentario eficaz es esencial, pero puede ser desafiado por la complejidad y la escala de la tarea.
- Las políticas proactivas y los ajustes legales son necesarios para mitigar los riesgos y aprovechar las oportunidades para el NHS después del Brexit.
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