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Los bosques tropicales son una fuente neta de carbono basada en mediciones de ganancias y pérdidas en la superficie

A Baccini¹, W Walker², L Carvalho³

¹The Woods Hole Research Center, 149 Woods Hole Road, Falmouth, MA 04523, USA. abaccini@whrc.org.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|October 4, 2017

Resumen

Los bosques tropicales son una importante fuente neta de carbono, liberando 425,2 Tg C al año. Este hallazgo contrasta con las estimaciones anteriores y pone de relieve el impacto de la deforestación y la degradación en el balance global de carbono.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ecología
Ciencias del medio ambiente
Detección remota

Sus antecedentes:

Se debate el balance de carbono de los ecosistemas tropicales, con estudios atmosféricos que indican un sumidero y estudios ecológicos que sugieren una fuente.
La cuantificación precisa de la dinámica del carbono de los bosques tropicales es crucial para comprender el cambio climático global.

Objetivo del estudio:

Cuantificar las variaciones anuales netas de la densidad de carbono en la vegetación viva leñosa tropical.
Proporcionar pruebas directas basadas en mediciones sobre el intercambio neto de carbono de los bosques tropicales.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó 12 años (2003-2014) de datos de satélite pantrópico MODIS (espectroradiómetro de imágenes de resolución moderada).
Cambios anuales netos cuantificados de la densidad de carbono en superficie de la vegetación viva leñosa tropical.

Principales resultados:

Los bosques tropicales son una fuente neta de carbono, liberando 425,2 ± 92,0 teragramas de carbono por año (Tg C año -1).
Las pérdidas anuales de carbono fueron de 861,7 ± 80,2 Tg C año-1, mientras que las ganancias fueron de 436,5 ± 31,0 Tg C año-1.
La degradación y alteración de los bosques representaron el 68,9% de las pérdidas totales de carbono.

Conclusiones:

Las mediciones satelitales directas confirman que los bosques tropicales son una fuente neta de carbono atmosférico.
La deforestación y la degradación son los principales impulsores de la liberación de carbono de los bosques tropicales, lo que afecta a los presupuestos globales de carbono.

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