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El mapeo genético y la base bioquímica de la pigmentación amarilla de las plumas en los budgerigars
Thomas F Cooke1, Curt R Fischer2, Ping Wu3
1Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Cell
|October 7, 2017
Resumen
Los científicos han identificado el gen responsable de las plumas azules. Una mutación en el gen MuPKS impide la producción de pigmentos amarillos, revelando ideas sobre la evolución del color del loro.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Genética aviar
- La bioquímica
- Biología evolutiva
Sus antecedentes:
- Las plumas de loro presentan una gama vibrante de colores, que incluyen rojo, naranja y amarillo, debido a los pigmentos poliénicos llamados psittacofulvinos.
- Los budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) han sido criados selectivamente por variaciones de plumaje durante más de un siglo, sin embargo, la base genética sigue siendo difícil de alcanzar.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar la base genética del rasgo de plumaje azul en los búgeros, que se caracteriza por la ausencia de pigmentación amarilla.
- Comprender los mecanismos moleculares que subyacen a la producción de pigmento de psittacofulvina en los loros.
Principales métodos:
- Mapeo de asociación de todo el genoma para localizar el locus genético responsable del rasgo azul.
- Análisis de la expresión génica para investigar el papel de los genes candidatos en la producción de pigmentos.
- Expresión heteróloga del gen identificado en la levadura para confirmar la síntesis de pigmentos.
- Espectrometría de masas para analizar la estructura química de los pigmentos sintetizados.
Principales resultados:
- El rasgo de plumaje azul se asignó a un polimorfismo de un solo nucleótido (SNP) que resultó en una sustitución de aminoácidos R644W en el gen de la policetida sintasa (MuPKS).
- La expresión heteróloga de MuPKS en la levadura condujo a la acumulación de pigmentos amarillos idénticos a los encontrados en las plumas de loro.
- Se demostró que la sustitución de R644W elimina la actividad enzimática de MuPKS, evitando así la formación de pigmento amarillo.
- Los datos comparativos de expresión génica sugieren que la diversificación evolutiva del color en los loros está impulsada por cambios regulatorios que afectan los niveles de expresión de MuPKS en el epitelio de las plumas.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio identifica a MuPKS como la enzima clave responsable de la síntesis de pigmentos amarillos de psittacofulvina en los loros.
- Una mutación específica (R644W) en MuPKS causa la pérdida de la pigmentación amarilla, lo que resulta en un plumaje azul en los erizos.
- Los hallazgos proporcionan una base molecular para comprender la variación natural del color en los loros y resaltan el papel de la regulación génica en la evolución de la coloración del plumaje.
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