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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Properties of Organometallic Compounds01:23

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H01:13

meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H

All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for the...
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...

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Transformaciones de cambio de fase con metalógenos aminados dirigibles dinámicamente

Peter J Boul1, Peter D Jarowski2, Carl J Thaemlitz1

  • 1Aramco Research Center , Houston, Texas 77061, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 10, 2017
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los polímeros dinámicos se descomponen en líquidos cuando los metales trivalentes se unen, luego se reforman en geles al calentarse. Esta transformación reversible ofrece funcionalidades de autocuración y liberación desencadenada en materiales avanzados.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química de los polímeros
  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • Química supramolecular

Sus antecedentes:

  • La química covalente dinámica permite la creación de materiales adaptativos.
  • Los enlaces hemiaminal y aminal ofrecen una formación de enlaces reversibles crucial para los polímeros dinámicos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el efecto de los metales trivalentes en los polímeros dinámicos con funcionalidades hemiaminal y aminal.
  • Explorar la transformación entre los estados de equilibrio y no equilibrio en geles poliméricos.
  • Caracterizar las propiedades de autocuración y liberación desencadenada de estos sistemas dinámicos.

Principales métodos:

  • Síntesis de polímeros dinámicos utilizando enlaces hemiaminal y aminal.
  • Análisis reológico para estudiar las transiciones gel-sol y las propiedades del material.
  • Espectroscopia de resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) para sondear los intermediarios de las reacciones.
  • Cálculos de la teoría funcional de la densidad (DFT) para comprender paisajes energéticos.

Principales resultados:

  • Los metales trivalentes inducen la fragmentación reversible de los polímeros dinámicos, la transición de los geles a los líquidos.
  • El calentamiento de la fase líquida desencadena la conversión catalítica en productos de hexahidrotriazina de anillo cerrado, formando nuevos geles.
  • Se lograron tiempos de gelación controlados, dictados por la termodinámica y la cinética del sistema.
  • El sistema demostró propiedades sintonizables, capacidades de autocuración y potencial de liberación activado.

Conclusiones:

  • Los polímeros dinámicos basados en funcionalidades hemiaminal/aminal exhiben un comportamiento sensible a los metales y conmutable térmicamente.
  • La interacción entre los estados de equilibrio y no equilibrio permite las transformaciones de materiales controlados.
  • Este sistema proporciona una plataforma para el desarrollo de materiales avanzados con funcionalidades de autocuración y liberación desencadenada.