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El tamaño, la forma, la densidad y el anillo del planeta enano Haumea en una ocultación estelar

J L Ortiz¹, P Santos-Sanz¹, B Sicardy²

¹Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía S/N, 18008-Granada, Spain.

|October 13, 2017

Resumen

Los astrónomos descubrieron un sistema de anillos alrededor del planeta enano Haumea utilizando datos de ocultación estelar. Este hallazgo proporciona nuevos conocimientos sobre Haumea

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias planetarias
La astronomía
Investigación de planetas enanos

Sus antecedentes:

Haumea es un planeta enano transneptuniano de rotación rápida y alargado con propiedades físicas poco restringidas.
Se han observado sistemas de anillos alrededor de otros cuerpos pequeños del Sistema Solar como Chariklo y Quirón.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar las características físicas de Haumea, incluido su tamaño, forma y la posible presencia de un sistema de anillos.
Para refinar las estimaciones de la densidad y albedo de Haumea.

Principales métodos:

Realizó observaciones de ocultación estelar de múltiples cuerdas de Haumea utilizando múltiples observatorios basados en la Tierra.
Análisis de eventos secundarios durante la ocultación para detectar y caracterizar las estructuras de anillo potenciales.
Datos de ocultación combinados con curvas de luz rotacionales para restringir la forma y orientación 3D de Haumea.

Principales resultados:

Se detectó un sistema de anillos alrededor de Haumea con una opacidad de 0,5, un ancho de 70 km y un radio de aproximadamente 2.287 km.
El anillo es coplanar con el ecuador de Haumea y la órbita de su satélite Hi'iaka, ubicado cerca de la resonancia de movimiento medio de 3:1.
Se determinó que el eje más grande de Haumea es de al menos 2.322 km, con un límite superior de densidad de 1.885 kg/m3 y un albedo geométrico de 0.51.
La forma de Haumea es triaxial e inconsistente con un cuerpo homogéneo en equilibrio hidrostático.

Conclusiones:

Haumea posee un sistema de anillos sustancial, similar a los que se encuentran en otros cuerpos pequeños.
Las nuevas estimaciones del tamaño, la densidad y el albedo de Haumea son más consistentes con las expectativas teóricas y las comparaciones con Plutón.
El estudio refina nuestra comprensión de la naturaleza física de Haumea y su lugar dentro del Sistema Solar.

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