Jove
Visualize
Contáctanos
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ACERCA DE JoVE
Visión GeneralLiderazgoBlogCentro de Ayuda JoVE
AUTORES
Proceso de PublicaciónConsejo EditorialAlcance y PolíticasRevisión por ParesPreguntas FrecuentesEnviar
BIBLIOTECARIOS
TestimoniosSuscripcionesAccesoRecursosConsejo Asesor de BibliotecasPreguntas Frecuentes
INVESTIGACIÓN
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchivo
EDUCACIÓN
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualCentro de Recursos para ProfesoresSitio de Profesores
Términos y Condiciones de Uso
Política de Privacidad
Políticas

Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

4.5K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
4.5K
Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

2.9K
Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
2.9K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.6K
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
3.6K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.6K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
2.6K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.7K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.7K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

3.6K
The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into...
3.6K

También podría leer

Artículos Relacionados

Artículos vinculados a este trabajo por autores compartidos, revista y gráfico de citas.

Ordenar por
Same author

Systematic Catalyst Variation for Improved Stereoselective Epoxide Polymerization: Subtle Modifications Resulting in Superior Efficiency.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Leveraging Stereochemistry to Optimize the Properties of Polyhydroxyalkanoates.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Bio-Inspired Copper Coordination Bonds Enable Tunable, Viscoelastic, and Cytocompatible Polyhydroxyalkanoates.

ACS polymers Au·2026
Same author

Grafting polymer brushes from nylon surfaces <i>via</i> hydrogen atom transfer.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Surface-Initiated Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization from Isotactic Polypropylene.

Macromolecules·2026
Same author

Intramolecular bonding as a design strategy for robust intermolecular binding of oligomers.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Erratum for the Research Article "Detecting supramolecular organic nanoparticles during heat wave".

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Local signals, systemic decline.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

The mechanics of liver regeneration.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Computing in a memory with physics.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Retraction.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Making time.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Ver todos los artículos relacionados

Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

8.5K

Dinámica de crecimiento de un solo polímero

Chunming Liu1, Kaori Kubo1, Endian Wang2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14583, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 21, 2017
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los científicos observaron el crecimiento del polímero en tiempo real utilizando pinzas magnéticas, revelando pasos distintos de espera y salto durante el alargamiento de la cadena. Estos pasos están vinculados a los entrelazamientos de monómeros, lo que afecta las tasas de polimerización y la diversidad de polímeros.

Más Videos Relacionados

High-resolution Imaging and Analysis of Individual Astral Microtubule Dynamics in Budding Yeast
10:23

High-resolution Imaging and Analysis of Individual Astral Microtubule Dynamics in Budding Yeast

Published on: April 20, 2017

10.0K
Author Spotlight: Real-Time Imaging of Bonding in 3D-Printed Layers
04:36

Author Spotlight: Real-Time Imaging of Bonding in 3D-Printed Layers

Published on: September 1, 2023

3.9K

Videos de Experimentos Relacionados

Last Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

8.5K
High-resolution Imaging and Analysis of Individual Astral Microtubule Dynamics in Budding Yeast
10:23

High-resolution Imaging and Analysis of Individual Astral Microtubule Dynamics in Budding Yeast

Published on: April 20, 2017

10.0K
Author Spotlight: Real-Time Imaging of Bonding in 3D-Printed Layers
04:36

Author Spotlight: Real-Time Imaging of Bonding in 3D-Printed Layers

Published on: September 1, 2023

3.9K

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química de los polímeros
  • La biofísica
  • Ciencias de los materiales

Sus antecedentes:

  • La polimerización del crecimiento de la cadena es fundamental, pero su dinámica en tiempo real a nivel de una sola molécula se entiende mal.
  • La comprensión de los mecanismos de crecimiento de polímeros es crucial para el diseño de nuevos materiales con propiedades específicas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para visualizar y analizar la dinámica en tiempo real del crecimiento de una sola cadena de polímero.
  • Investigar los mecanismos moleculares subyacentes al alargamiento de la cadena en la polimerización de la metástasis de apertura de anillos.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó pinzas magnéticas para aplicar fuerza controlada y rastrear la extensión de un solo polímero en tiempo real.
  • Empleó simulaciones de dinámica molecular para modelar y comprender los fenómenos de polimerización observados.

Principales resultados:

  • Se observó que la extensión del polímero durante la polimerización de la metátesis de apertura del anillo ocurre en pasos discretos de "espera y salta", no de forma continua.
  • Identificó la formación y el desenredamiento de enredos conformacionales de monómeros recién incorporados como la causa de estas etapas.
  • Se ha demostrado que las configuraciones de entrelazamiento influyen en las tasas de polimerización y la heterogeneidad de las longitudes de los polímeros.

Conclusiones:

  • La visualización de un solo polímero revela una dinámica de crecimiento no continua en la polimerización.
  • Los entrelazamientos conformacionales de los monómeros son determinantes críticos de la cinética de la polimerización y la distribución de la longitud del polímero.