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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Políticas antimicrobianas basadas en tiabiciclonanos

Zhishuai Geng1, M G Finn1

  • 1School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology , 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 21, 2017
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Las nuevas policationes biciclo[3.3.1]nonano (BCN) muestran una potente actividad antimicrobiana contra las bacterias, incluso a bajas concentraciones. Estos nuevos polímeros también demuestran eficacia en superficies funcionales, ofreciendo aplicaciones versátiles para combatir el crecimiento bacteriano.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química de los polímeros
  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • Agentes antimicrobianos

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las estructuras Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (BCN) ofrecen arquitecturas moleculares únicas.
  • Las policationes son conocidas por sus potenciales propiedades antimicrobianas.
  • El desarrollo de nuevos agentes antimicrobianos con alta eficacia y selectividad es crucial.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para sintetizar nuevas policationes basadas en biciclo[3.3.1]nonano (BCN).
  • Evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana y la selectividad de estos nuevos poliiones.
  • Explorar la aplicación de las policationes BCN en superficies funcionalizadas para el control bacteriano.

Principales métodos:

  • Síntesis de policationes BCN a través de la reacción del tiacíclo[3.3.1]nonano dinitrato con los nucleófilos bis (pyridine).
  • Síntesis modular que permite enlaces funcionales y de longitud variable.
  • Modificación posterior a la polimerización mediante cicloadición azida-alquina catalizada por el cobre.
  • Pruebas de eficacia antimicrobiana contra el crecimiento bacteriano y las células estáticas.
  • Ensayos de lisis de glóbulos rojos para la evaluación de la selectividad.
  • Funcionalización de sustratos sólidos (vidrio, silicio) con policationes BCN.

Principales resultados:

  • Se han sintetizado con éxito nuevas policasiones BCN con cadenas de longitud moderada.
  • Los polímeros demostraron una inhibición significativa del crecimiento bacteriano (μg/mL) y la muerte de las células estáticas (ng/mL).
  • Se obtiene una selectividad moderada a buena contra la lisis de glóbulos rojos.
  • Los polímeros desarrollados mostraron un desarrollo lento de la resistencia en las bacterias.
  • Un policatión BCN degradable aumentó la susceptibilidad de E. coli a otros antimicrobianos.
  • Las superficies funcionales exhibieron capacidades repetitivas de matar bacterias.

Conclusiones:

  • Los policationes BCN representan una nueva clase prometedora de antimicrobianos de poliioneno.
  • Estos polímeros exhiben una actividad antibacteriana potente y selectiva.
  • Las policationes BCN inmovilizadas en superficie ofrecen una solución duradera para el control bacteriano en diversos sustratos.