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Los materiales granulares fluyen como fluidos complejos

Binquan Kou1, Yixin Cao1, Jindong Li1

  • 1School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.

Nature
|November 2, 2017
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los materiales granulares se relajan de manera diferente a los sistemas térmicos. La nueva tomografía de rayos X revela la dinámica a nivel de partículas, mostrando que la fricción y los efectos de memoria son clave, a diferencia de las gafas térmicas.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La física
  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • Sistemas complejos

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los materiales granulares son sistemas desordenados comunes en la naturaleza y la industria.
  • Su dinámica de relajación bajo estrés es poco conocida a nivel de partículas.
  • Los modelos existentes a menudo asumen la similitud con los sistemas de formación de vidrio térmico, descuidando la fricción.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Determinar experimentalmente la dinámica de relajación a microescala de los materiales granulares.
  • Para investigar el movimiento a nivel de partículas en sistemas granulares tridimensionales bajo corte.
  • Para comparar la relajación granular con los sistemas de vidrio térmico.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó tomografía de rayos X para imágenes de alta resolución.
  • Se aplica el corte oscilatorio a los elipsoides granulares duros.
  • Distribuciones de desplazamiento de partículas analizadas y desplazamiento cuadrado medio a lo largo del tiempo.

Principales resultados:

  • Los desplazamientos elípticos siguen una distribución de Gumbel, independiente de la amplitud y el tiempo de la tensión de corte.
  • El desplazamiento cuadrado promedio exhibe un comportamiento de ley de potencia dependiente de la amplitud de tensión y el tiempo.
  • Efectos de fricción y memoria identificados que influyen en la relajación a microescala.

Conclusiones:

  • La dinámica de los materiales granulares difiere fundamentalmente de los sistemas de formación térmica de vidrio.
  • Los mecanismos de relajación granulares son más parecidos a los fluidos complejos.
  • Los materiales demuestran relajación incluso bajo una tensión de conducción débil.