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Incidencia del mal de montaña agudo en altitudes intermedias
A B Montgomery1, J Mills, J M Luce
1Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center.
JAMA
|February 3, 1989
Resumen
El mal agudo de montaña (AMS) es común a 2000 m, afectando al 25% de las personas. Los síntomas como dolor de cabeza y fatiga suelen ser leves y se resuelven en 72 horas, pero la mitad de los afectados buscan medicamentos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina de la Altitud Medicina de la Altitud
- Salud Ambiental Salud del medio ambiente.
- Fisiología Fisiología Fisiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El mal agudo de montaña (AMS, por sus siglas en inglés) es una afección común en grandes altitudes.
- Comprender la incidencia de AMS a altitudes intermedias es crucial para la salud de los viajeros.
- Los programas de educación médica continua ofrecen un entorno único para estudiar AMS.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para determinar la incidencia del mal de montaña agudo (AMS) en una altitud intermedia (2000 m).
- Para comparar los síntomas de AMS en individuos a 2000 m frente al nivel del mar.
- Identificar los factores que influyen en la EMA y las características de los síntomas.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó un estudio basado en cuestionarios en 454 personas que asistieron a programas a 2000 m.
- Un grupo de control de 96 personas a nivel del mar completó cuestionarios similares.
- La EMA se definió por tres o más síntomas cardinales (dolor de cabeza, insomnio, disnea, anorexia, fatiga) de intensidad al menos moderada.
Principales resultados:
- El 25% de los sujetos a 2000 m reportaron síntomas de AMS, en comparación con el 5% a nivel del mar.
- La incidencia fue más alta en sujetos que habían viajado desde altitudes más bajas.
- Los síntomas fueron reportados predominantemente dentro de las primeras 72 horas, con el 50% de los individuos sintomáticos automedicándose.
Conclusiones:
- El mal de montaña agudo prevalece en altitudes intermedias como 2000 m.
- Los síntomas de la EMA son generalmente transitorios, pero pueden ser lo suficientemente graves como para justificar la medicación.
- Se justifica una mayor investigación sobre las estrategias de prevención y gestión de la EMA a altitudes moderadas.
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