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Perovskitas en la catálisis y la electrocatálisis
Jonathan Hwang1, Reshma R Rao2, Livia Giordano2,3
1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 11, 2017
Resumen
Los óxidos de perovskita son catalizadores versátiles y abundantes en la tierra para reacciones químicas y electroquímicas críticas. Esta revisión detalla su diseño y aplicación en tecnologías energéticas y ambientales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de los materiales
- Catálisis
- La electroquímica
Sus antecedentes:
- Los catalizadores heterogéneos son cruciales para el almacenamiento de energía, el control de emisiones y la síntesis.
- El desarrollo de catalizadores activos, estables y abundantes en la tierra es un desafío industrial y tecnológico clave.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar los óxidos de perovskita como una clase prometedora de catalizadores heterogéneos.
- Proporcionar un marco para racionalizar las tendencias de la actividad y guiar el diseño del catalizador.
- Explorar el papel de la estructura electrónica en la electrocatálisis de la perovskita.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura existente sobre los catalizadores de óxido de perovskita.
- Análisis de las relaciones estructura-propiedad en los materiales de perovskita.
- Examen de los principios de la estructura electrónica para el diseño de catalizadores.
Principales resultados:
- Los óxidos de perovskita muestran potencial para diversas conversiones (electroquímicas) (carbono, nitrógeno y oxígeno).
- Existe un marco para predecir y optimizar el rendimiento del catalizador de perovskita.
- Comprender la estructura electrónica ofrece ideas fundamentales sobre la electrocatálisis del oxígeno.
Conclusiones:
- Los óxidos de perovskita ofrecen una plataforma sintonizable para catalizadores de próxima generación.
- El diseño racional basado en la estructura electrónica es clave para el avance de las aplicaciones catalíticas.
- Las oportunidades futuras se encuentran en la expansión del alcance de la composición y la reacción a través de esfuerzos experimentales y computacionales.
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