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Lo que funciona en la salud de inclusión: visión general de las intervenciones efectivas para las poblaciones

Serena Luchenski¹, Nick Maguire², Robert W Aldridge¹

¹Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK; The Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, University College London, London, UK.

Lancet (London, England)

|November 16, 2017

Resumen

Los servicios de salud de inclusión abordan las desigualdades para los grupos vulnerables. Se necesitan más investigaciones y recursos para intervenciones estructurales como la vivienda y el empleo para mejorar los resultados de salud.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud pública
Investigación en servicios de salud
Determinantes sociales de la salud

Sus antecedentes:

La salud de inclusión aborda las desigualdades sociales y de salud en las poblaciones vulnerables.
Las poblaciones objetivo incluyen a las personas sin hogar, el consumo de drogas, la cárcel y el trabajo sexual.
Estos grupos se enfrentan a factores de riesgo superpuestos y a una alta morbilidad/mortalidad.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para sintetizar la evidencia sobre la salud y las intervenciones sociales para la inclusión de las poblaciones de salud.
Identificar las lagunas en la base de datos, en particular para las intervenciones estructurales.

Principales métodos:

Realizó una síntesis de evidencia de las intervenciones sanitarias y sociales.
Centrada en las intervenciones para las poblaciones que experimentan la falta de vivienda, el consumo de drogas, el encarcelamiento y el trabajo sexual.

Principales resultados:

Numerosas intervenciones identificadas para mejorar la salud física, la salud mental y el consumo de sustancias.
La evidencia es escasa para intervenciones estructurales como la vivienda, el empleo y el apoyo legal.
Necesidad de recursos dedicados y colaboración con las poblaciones afectadas.

Conclusiones:

Las intervenciones existentes son prometedoras, pero requieren una mejor aplicación y recursos.
La investigación debe centrarse en las intervenciones y políticas tempranas que aborden las causas de la exclusión (por ejemplo, la pobreza, las experiencias adversas en la infancia).
Las intervenciones estructurales son cruciales para prevenir la exclusión y promover la recuperación.

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