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Reducción drástica del genoma en el simbionte pectinolítico de un herbívoro
Hassan Salem1, Eugen Bauer2, Roy Kirsch3
1Insect Symbiosis Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena 07745, Germany; Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30320, USA.
Cell
|November 21, 2017
Resumen
Los escarabajos de hojas dependen de una bacteria intestinal para digerir la pectina, un componente resistente de la pared celular de las plantas. Esta simbiosis es crucial para la supervivencia de los escarabajos y su capacidad para descomponer los tejidos vegetales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología
- Biología vegetal
- Ecología de los insectos
Sus antecedentes:
- La pectina es un polisacárido complejo de la pared celular de la planta que la mayoría de los animales no pueden digerir.
- Los herbívoros a menudo requieren mecanismos especializados o asistencia microbiana para descomponer los tejidos vegetales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para identificar la fuente de la capacidad de degradación de la pectina del escarabajo foliar Cassida rubiginosa.
- Para investigar el papel de una bacteria simbiótica en el metabolismo de la pectina del escarabajo.
Principales métodos:
- Transcriptómica comparativa para analizar la expresión génica en órganos simbióticos.
- Inmunostaining con anticuerpos dirigidos a la pectinasa para visualizar la actividad enzimática.
- Experimentos de eliminación de simbiontes para evaluar la supervivencia del huésped y la capacidad de degradación de la pectina.
Principales resultados:
- Cassida rubiginosa alberga una bacteria extracelular en órganos especializados del intestino anterior.
- El simbionte posee un metabolismo funcional pectinolítico dirigido a homogalacturonan y rhamnogalacturonan I.
- La expresión génica de la pectinasa se enriquece en los órganos simbióticos, y se observa una acumulación de enzimas.
- La eliminación del simbionte reduce significativamente la supervivencia del huésped y la degradación de la pectina.
Conclusiones:
- La capacidad del escarabajo de las hojas para degradar la pectina depende de su simbionte bacteriano extracelular.
- La simbiosis proporciona una estrategia para que los herbívoros metabolicen los polisacáridos vegetales complejos.
- Este estudio pone de relieve la importancia ecológica de la simbiosis microbiana en los herbívoros.
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