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Un agujero negro de 800 millones de masas solares en un Universo significativamente neutro con un desplazamiento al
Eduardo Bañados1, Bram P Venemans2, Chiara Mazzucchelli2
1The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, California 91101, USA.
Nature
|December 7, 2017
Resumen
Los astrónomos descubrieron un cuásar, J1342 + 0928, en el corrimiento al rojo 7.54, proporcionando información sobre el crecimiento del agujero negro en el universo temprano. Este hallazgo sugiere la rápida formación de agujeros negros o agujeros negros supermasivos en la época de reionización.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Cosmología
- La astrofísica
- Física de los agujeros negros
Sus antecedentes:
- Los cuásares son los objetos más luminosos del universo, lo que permite el estudio del cosmos primitivo.
- ULAS J1120+0641 fue el único cuásar conocido con desplazamiento al rojo z > 7 durante más de cinco años, lo que limitó los estudios del universo temprano.
- Comprender la formación y el crecimiento de los agujeros negros supermasivos en el universo primitivo sigue siendo un desafío clave.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para informar sobre el descubrimiento y la caracterización de un nuevo cuásar con un desplazamiento al rojo récord.
- Para investigar el crecimiento de los agujeros negros supermasivos en el universo temprano.
- Para sondear la fracción de hidrógeno neutro en el medio intergaláctico durante la época de reionización.
Principales métodos:
- Observaciones del cuásar ULAS J134208.10+092838.61 (J1342+0928) en el desplazamiento al rojo z = 7.54.
- Análisis de la luminosidad bolométrica del cuásar y masa del agujero negro.
- Análisis espectroscópico para detectar el ala de amortiguación Gunn-Peterson e inferir la fracción de hidrógeno neutro.
Principales resultados:
- Descubrimiento de J1342+0928, un cuásar en z = 7.54 con una luminosidad bolométrica 4×10^13 veces la del Sol.
- Masa estimada del agujero negro de 8×10^8 masas solares, existente cuando el universo tenía sólo 690 millones de años.
- Evidencia de hidrógeno neutro significativo (> 33% con una probabilidad del 68%) en el medio intergaláctico, indicado por el ala de amortiguación de Gunn-Peterson.
Conclusiones:
- La existencia de J1342 + 0928 desafía los primeros modelos de crecimiento de agujeros negros, apoyando las teorías de semillas masivas iniciales de agujeros negros o acreción hiper-Eddington.
- El espectro del cuásar indica que el universo fue significativamente neutral en esta época, confirmando que estamos sondeando la era de reionización.
- Este descubrimiento proporciona datos observacionales cruciales para comprender la coevolución de las galaxias y los agujeros negros supermasivos en el universo temprano.
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