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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias del medio ambiente
  • Biogeoquímica
  • Ciencias atmosféricas

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los humedales son la principal fuente mundial de metano atmosférico (CH4), un potente gas de efecto invernadero.
  • Los inventarios de emisiones de metano existentes para la llanura amazónica, una importante fuente tropical de CH4, subestiman las cargas atmosféricas de CH4.
  • Esta discrepancia pone de relieve una importante brecha de conocimiento en la comprensión de las contribuciones de los humedales amazónicos a las emisiones mundiales de CH4.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para cuantificar los flujos de metano (CH4) de los tallos de los árboles de las llanuras de inundación amazónicas.
  • Identificar el papel de los árboles de los humedales en el presupuesto de CH4 amazónico.
  • Conciliar las estimaciones "de abajo hacia arriba" y "de arriba hacia abajo" de las emisiones regionales de CH4.

Principales métodos:

  • Se midieron los flujos de CH4 de los tallos de 2.357 árboles de las llanuras de inundación amazónicas en 13 lugares.
  • Valores de isótopos estables de carbono (δ13C) analizados del CH4 emitido para determinar el origen.
  • Las emisiones regionales estimadas de CH4 utilizando perfiles atmosféricos "de arriba hacia abajo" (2010-2013) y comparadas con mediciones de flujo "de abajo hacia arriba".

Principales resultados:

  • Los flujos de metano de los tallos de los árboles del Amazonas fueron hasta 200 veces más grandes que los de los bosques templados o pantanos de turba.
  • Las emisiones del tallo de los árboles representan la fuente dominante de CH4 regional, estimada en 15,121,2 Tg/año.
  • La firma isotópica (δ13C de -66,2 ± 6,4‰) confirma un origen biogénico del suelo para el CH4 emitido por los árboles.

Conclusiones:

  • El escape de gas del suelo a través de los árboles de los humedales es el principal impulsor de las emisiones de CH4 de la Amazonía.
  • Los árboles amazónicos contribuyen aproximadamente a la mitad de las emisiones de CH4 de los humedales de la región, lo que tiene un impacto significativo en el presupuesto mundial de metano.
  • El estudio concilia exitosamente las estimaciones "de arriba hacia abajo" y "de abajo hacia arriba", resolviendo la subestimación de las emisiones de CH4 de la Amazonía.