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Las arcillas primordiales en Marte se formaron debajo de una atmósfera de vapor o supercrítica

Kevin M Cannon^1,2, Stephen W Parman¹, John F Mustard¹

¹Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.

|December 9, 2017

Resumen

Los minerales de arcilla en Marte probablemente se formaron de una densa atmósfera de vapor durante el enfriamiento del océano de magma, no solo de agua líquida. Esta capa de arcilla primordial sobrevive en las profundidades de la corteza marciana, lo que explica su distribución actual y la densidad de la corteza.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias planetarias
Geología
Astrobiología

Sus antecedentes:

Los minerales de arcilla son abundantes en los terrenos de Noé en Marte (hace 4.1-3.7 mil millones de años).
Las teorías anteriores sugieren la formación de arcilla a través de la reacción de la corteza basáltica con agua líquida.
El origen de las arcillas marcianas extendidas sigue siendo una pregunta clave en la evolución planetaria.

Objetivo del estudio:

Proponer y probar una hipótesis alternativa para la formación de arcilla marciana.
Investigar el papel de una atmósfera densa de vapor/supercrítica en la génesis de la arcilla.
Para modelar el destino a largo plazo y la preservación de las arcillas primordiales en Marte.

Principales métodos:

Simulaciones experimentales de la formación de arcilla en las primeras condiciones atmosféricas marcianas.
Modelado de la evolución de la corteza para rastrear la supervivencia y distribución de las capas de arcilla.
Análisis de datos experimentales y resultados de modelos en el contexto de las observaciones geológicas marcianas.

Principales resultados:

La evidencia experimental apoya la rápida formación de arcilla a partir de atmósferas de vapor / CO2 a altas presiones y temperaturas.
Los modelos de evolución de la corteza muestran que las arcillas primordiales sobreviven al enterramiento por impacto y materiales volcánicos.
La evolución simulada de la capa de arcilla da como resultado exposiciones limitadas y profundas consistentes con los datos orbitales.

Conclusiones:

Un denso vapor / atmósfera supercrítica durante el enfriamiento del océano de magma es una fuente importante plausible de arcillas marcianas.
La supervivencia de una capa de arcilla profunda y coherente explica la distribución actual de la arcilla y la baja densidad de la corteza marciana.
Este hallazgo refina nuestra comprensión de la hidrosfera temprana de Marte y los procesos geológicos.

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