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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...

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Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...

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Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.

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Liberación de carga útil programable de las microcápsulas de polímero transitorias activadas por un efecto específico

Shijia Tang¹, Liuyan Tang¹, Xiaocun Lu¹

¹Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ∥Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|December 13, 2017

Resumen

Los investigadores descubrieron un efecto específico de coactivación iónica (SICA) en polímeros transitorios. Este hallazgo permite el desarrollo de micro cápsulas programables para la liberación controlada de la carga útil utilizando combinaciones específicas de iones.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias de los materiales
Química de los polímeros
Química supramolecular

Sus antecedentes:

Los materiales sensibles a los estímulos son cruciales para las puertas lógicas químicas y la amplificación de señales.
Caracterizar las respuestas coactivadas en los materiales sigue siendo un desafío.

Objetivo del estudio:

Demostrar y caracterizar un efecto específico de coactivación iónica (SICA) en sólidos poliméricos transitorios.
Desarrollar micro cápsulas programables basadas en el efecto SICA.

Principales métodos:

Investigó la despolimerización de las microcápsulas con núcleo de poli (ftaladehído) cíclico (cPPA) en soluciones ácidas de metanol que contienen varios iones.
Analizó la influencia de aniones y cationes en la tasa de despolimerización y la correlacionó con el comportamiento de Hofmeister.

Principales resultados:

Se observó una aceleración significativa en la despolimerización del cPPA tras la coactivación por ácido e iones específicos.
Se descubrió que el efecto SICA está regido principalmente por aniones, con cationes que desempeñan un papel modulador secundario.
Micro cápsulas de cPPA desarrolladas con velocidades de liberación de carga útil programables dependientes de la composición de la solución de sal y metanol ácido.

Conclusiones:

El efecto SICA proporciona un nuevo mecanismo para controlar la degradación de polímeros transitorios.
Este estudio establece una base para el diseño de materiales avanzados y sistemas de entrega inteligentes.