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Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
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Eukaryotic cells have different membrane-bound organelles with distinct protein requirements. The process by which proteins are targeted to a specific organelle is called protein sorting.
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Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors01:41

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Signal sequences are short amino acid sequences that guide newly synthesized proteins to their proper location within the cell. Classical signal sequences are fifteen to sixty amino acids long and present at the N-terminus of a polypeptide chain. Each signal sequence has a conserved segment of basic residues towards their N terminus, a hydrophobic core, and a C-terminus rich in polar residues. The C-terminus also contains a signal cleavage site and features a -3 -1 sequence motif. The -3-1...
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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
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Clasificación de sustratos por un nanorreactor sobrealimentado

Yusuke Azuma1, Daniel L V Bader1, Donald Hilvert1

  • 1Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 27, 2017
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Las jaulas de proteínas diseñadas con interiores cargados pueden clasificar y degradar sustratos de proteínas específicos. Esta tecnología de nanorreactor mejora la especificidad de la enzima para la degradación controlada de las proteínas.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La bioquímica
  • Biología molecular
  • Nanotecnología

Sus antecedentes:

  • La degradación de las proteínas celulares se basa en la compartimentación para el control espacial-temporal.
  • Las jaulas de proteínas diseñadas ofrecen potencial para la actividad enzimática controlada dentro de espacios confinados.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el uso de una jaula de proteína sobrealimentada para controlar la especificidad del sustrato de la proteasa.
  • Para demostrar la clasificación electrostática de sustratos dentro de un nanorreactor.

Principales métodos:

  • Ingeniería de una jaula de proteína sintasa de lumazina con una luz cargada negativamente.
  • Encapsulando una proteasa dentro de la jaula diseñada.
  • Evaluación de la preferencia de escisión del sustrato utilizando polipéptidos con cargas variables.

Principales resultados:

  • La nanocámara cargada negativamente degrada preferentemente los polipéptidos cargados positivamente.
  • La especificidad del sustrato de la proteasa encapsulada se invirtió aproximadamente 480 veces.
  • Las interacciones electrostáticas dentro de la jaula dictan la selección del sustrato.

Conclusiones:

  • Las nanocámaras sobrecargadas pueden conferir especificidad de sustrato a las enzimas encapsuladas.
  • Este enfoque ofrece un método general para controlar la actividad del catalizador a través de la clasificación electrostática.
  • Aplicaciones potenciales en la degradación proteica dirigida y la biología sintética.