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Los destinos divergentes del agua hidrosférica primitiva en la Tierra y Marte
Jon Wade1, Brendan Dyck2,3, Richard M Palin4
1Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK.
Nature
|January 3, 2018
Resumen
Marte puede haber perdido agua superficial a su manto a través de reacciones de hidratación de la corteza, a diferencia de la Tierra. La corteza marciana puede secuestrar más agua en las profundidades del planeta, impactando su evolución geológica y habitabilidad.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias planetarias
- Geoquímica
- Geología
Sus antecedentes:
- La Tierra retiene agua superficial debido a los procesos del manto, mientras que Marte perdió su agua superficial al principio de su historia.
- La serpentización de la corteza marciana sugiere un importante secuestro de agua a través de reacciones de hidratación metamórficas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para cuantificar la eliminación de agua de las superficies planetarias a través del metamorfismo de las costras máficas hidratadas.
- Para calcular los cambios de densidad masiva inducidos por la transición mineral bajo presión y temperatura elevadas para la Tierra y Marte.
- Para entender el papel de la hidratación de la corteza en la pérdida de agua planetaria y la evolución del manto.
Principales métodos:
- Volúmenes relativos cuantificados de agua eliminados por el enterramiento y el metamorfismo de las costras máficas hidratadas.
- Cálculo de los cambios de densidad masiva inducidos por la transición mineral a alta presión y temperatura.
- Capacidades de hidratación comparadas y cambios de densidad entre las costras máficas marcianas y terrestres.
Principales resultados:
- Los conjuntos metamórficos marcianos contienen ~ 25% más agua estructuralmente unida que las terrestres y la retienen a mayores profundidades.
- Más del 9% del manto marciano puede contener minerales hidratados, en comparación con el ~ 4% del manto de la Tierra.
- La corteza marciana hidratada muestra un cambio mínimo de densidad, a diferencia de la corteza terrestre que se densifica al deshidratarse, lo que facilita el entierro.
Conclusiones:
- El enterramiento eficiente de la corteza marciana temprana en un régimen de tapa estancada secuestró agua significativa en el manto, oxidándola.
- La corteza flotante de la Tierra y los gradientes geotérmicos más calientes limitaron la hidratación temprana del manto superior, reteniendo agua en la superficie.
- Las diferencias en la hidratación de la corteza y los regímenes tectónicos explican las historias divergentes del agua y el potencial para la vida en la Tierra y Marte.
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