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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
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Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
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Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Published on: September 5, 2014

Cristales únicos de marco metálico orgánico ordenados

Kui Shen¹, Lei Zhang¹, Xiaodong Chen¹

¹School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|January 13, 2018

Resumen

Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los investigadores crearon nuevos marcos metálico-orgánicos monocristalinos (MOF) con macroporos y microporos ordenados. Estos MOF jerárquicos exhiben una mayor difusión de masa, lo que lleva a una catálisis superior para moléculas voluminosas.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias de los materiales
Nanotecnología
Ingeniería Química

Sus antecedentes:

Los marcos orgánicos metálicos convencionales (MOF) a menudo carecen de estructuras de poros jerárquicas, lo que limita su eficiencia en reacciones que involucran moléculas voluminosas.
Lograr una macroporosidad y microporosidad ordenadas dentro de los MOF monocristalinos ha sido un desafío significativo en la ciencia de los materiales.

Objetivo del estudio:

Desarrollar un método para construir macroporos altamente orientados y ordenados dentro de cristales simples de MOF.
Crear una nueva clase de materiales macro-microporosos ordenados tridimensionalmente en forma monocristalina.
Investigar el rendimiento catalítico de estos nuevos MOF jerárquicos para reacciones de moléculas voluminosas.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó una plantilla de monolito de nanosfera de poliestireno para inducir fuertes efectos de modelado.
Se empleó un enfoque de nucleación heterogénea inducida por solvente doble para el crecimiento controlado de MOF.
Crecimiento in situ de MOFs dentro de huecos ordenados para formar cristales únicos con porosidad jerárquica.

Principales resultados:

Construye con éxito macroporos altamente orientados y ordenados dentro de cristales simples MOF.
Se ha demostrado la formación de materiales monocristalinos con macroporos y microporos (porosidad jerárquica).
Se observaron propiedades de difusión masiva significativamente mejoradas en los MOF jerárquicos en comparación con el ZIF-8 convencional.

Conclusiones:

La metodología desarrollada permite la síntesis de MOF monocristalinos macromicroporosos únicos.
La estructura jerárquica de los poros y la naturaleza monocristalina conducen a una actividad catalítica superior y a la reciclabilidad para las reacciones de moléculas voluminosas.
Este trabajo abre nuevas vías para el diseño de materiales porosos avanzados para catálisis y otras aplicaciones.