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Las células de lugar social en el hipocampo del murciélago

David B Omer, Shir R Maimon, Liora Las

¹Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. nachum.ulanovsky@weizmann.ac.il liora.las@weizmann.ac.il.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|January 13, 2018

Resumen

Los científicos descubrieron cómo el cerebro rastrea a otros animales en el espacio. Las neuronas del hipocampo en los murciélagos observadores representaban las posiciones de los murciélagos demostradores, ayudando a la cognición espacial social.

Área de la Ciencia:

La neurociencia
Ciencias cognitivas
El comportamiento de los animales

Sus antecedentes:

Los animales sociales requieren el conocimiento de posiciones espaciales conspecíficas para la supervivencia e interacción.
Los mecanismos neuronales que subyacen a la representación de las ubicaciones de los demás en el cerebro siguen siendo en gran medida no aclarados.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar cómo el cerebro representa las posiciones espaciales de otros individuos.
Identificar poblaciones neuronales específicas involucradas en la cognición social y espacial.

Principales métodos:

Se diseñó una tarea de aprendizaje espacial mediante el uso de murciélagos.
La actividad neuronal del CA1 dorsal del hipocampo (CA1 dorsal) se registró en murciélagos observadores que imitaban a los murciélagos demostradores.

Principales resultados:

Una subpoblación de neuronas del hipocampo representó la posición del murciélago demostrador en coordenadas allocéntricas.
Aproximadamente la mitad de estas "células de lugar social" también codificaban la propia posición del murciélago observador.
La representación del murciélago demostrador era distinta del auto-movimiento o la planificación de la trayectoria.
Las neuronas que representan objetos inanimados mostraron propiedades de representación diferentes en comparación con las que codifican el murciélago demostrador.

Conclusiones:

Las neuronas CA1 del hipocampo juegan un papel crucial en la cognición social-espacial.
El cerebro utiliza conjuntos neuronales específicos para rastrear las ubicaciones de sus congéneres.
Esta investigación proporciona información sobre la base neuronal de la comprensión de la presencia espacial de los demás.

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