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Descubrimiento sistemático de sistemas de defensa antifágicos en el pangénoma microbiano
Shany Doron1, Sarah Melamed1, Gal Ofir1
1Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 27, 2018
Resumen
Los investigadores descubrieron nueve nuevos sistemas antifágicos y un sistema antiplásmido en las bacterias, que mejoran la defensa microbiana contra los invasores. Estos hallazgos revelan nuevos mecanismos de defensa bacteriana y sugieren antiguos vínculos de inmunidad innata a través de diversas formas de vida.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología
- La genómica
- Inmunología
Sus antecedentes:
- Las bacterias y los fagos participan en una carrera armamentista evolutiva, impulsando el desarrollo de mecanismos de defensa sofisticados.
- Los sistemas de defensa bacteriana conocidos como CRISPR-Cas y los sistemas de modificación de restricción a menudo se encuentran en "islas de defensa" genómicas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Caracterizar exhaustivamente el arsenal defensivo bacteriano investigando las familias de genes adyacentes a los genes de defensa conocidos.
- Identificar y validar nuevos sistemas de antifagos y antiplásmidos en genomas procariotas.
Principales métodos:
- Examen sistemático de familias de genes agrupados cerca de genes de defensa conocidos en genomas procariotas.
- Ingeniería y validación de sistemas de defensa candidatos en bacterias modelo para evaluar la actividad antifágica.
Principales resultados:
- Identificación de nueve sistemas antifagos y un sistema antiplásmido desconocidos hasta ahora.
- Demostración de que estos sistemas recién descubiertos están muy extendidos en los microbios y proporcionan una fuerte protección contra los invasores extranjeros.
- Observación de que algunos sistemas utilizan componentes de flagelos bacterianos y complejos de condensina.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio amplía el repertorio conocido de los sistemas de defensa antifago y antiplásmido bacteriano.
- Los hallazgos sugieren un origen evolutivo común para los componentes de la inmunidad innata en bacterias, plantas y animales.
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