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La interleucina-33 derivada de los astrocitos promueve la envoltura de las sinapsis microgliales y el desarrollo de
Ilia D Vainchtein1, Gregory Chin1, Frances S Cho2,3
1Department of Psychiatry/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 9, 2018
Resumen
La interleucina-33 (IL-33), producida por los astrocitos, es crucial para el desarrollo de las sinapsis en el sistema nervioso central (SNC). La IL-33 envía señales a la microglía, promoviendo la eliminación de la sinapsis y manteniendo la homeostasis del circuito neuronal.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Inmunología
- Biología del desarrollo
Sus antecedentes:
- La formación y remodelación de sinapsis son críticas para el desarrollo y la función del sistema nervioso central (SNC).
- Las sinapsis disfuncionales están implicadas en varios trastornos del desarrollo neurológico.
- El papel de las señales inmunes innatas en la regulación de las sinapsis del SNC sigue siendo en gran medida inexplorado.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el papel de la interleucina-33 (IL-33) en el desarrollo de las sinapsis del SNC y la homeostasis.
- Para aclarar las fuentes y objetivos celulares de IL-33 durante el desarrollo del SNC.
- Comprender el impacto de la señalización de IL-33 en la función microglial y la eliminación de sinapsis.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron modelos de ratón para estudiar la producción y función de IL-33 durante el desarrollo del SNC.
- Investigó las vías de señalización de IL-33 en los astrocitos y la microglía.
- Se evaluó el número de sinapsis y la función del circuito neuronal en la médula espinal y el tálamo.
- Examinado el envolvimiento microglial de las sinapsis in vivo.
Principales resultados:
- Los astrocitos en desarrollo producen la citoquina IL-33.
- La IL-33 es esencial en el desarrollo para mantener el número normal de sinapsis y la función del circuito neuronal.
- La IL-33 señala principalmente a la microglía bajo condiciones fisiológicas.
- La IL-33 mejora la envoltura de las sinapsis microgliales y puede inducir el agotamiento de las sinapsis.
Conclusiones:
- La IL-33 es una citocina clave que regula la homeostasis de las sinapsis durante el desarrollo del SNC.
- Una vía mediada por citoquinas que involucra a los astrocitos y la microglía controla la eliminación de la sinapsis.
- Este mecanismo es vital para la formación y el funcionamiento adecuados de los circuitos neuronales en el SNC en desarrollo.
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