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Desarrollo de un enfoque clínico para la contaminación del aire y la salud cardiovascular
Michael B Hadley1, Jill Baumgartner2, Rajesh Vedanthan2
1Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.B.H.) michael.hadley@mountsinai.org.
Circulation
|February 15, 2018
Resumen
La contaminación del aire por la cocina y el tráfico causa millones de muertes por enfermedades cardiovasculares cada año. Este estudio describe un enfoque clínico para que los proveedores de atención médica evalúen y reduzcan los riesgos de los pacientes por la exposición a la contaminación atmosférica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud del medio ambiente
- Medicina cardiovascular
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La contaminación del aire en el hogar y al aire libre afecta a miles de millones de personas en todo el mundo.
- La contaminación del aire es una de las principales causas de mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV), superando a los factores de riesgo tradicionales.
- En la actualidad no existe una estrategia clínica clara para el tratamiento de las enfermedades cardiovasculares atribuibles a la contaminación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Presentar un marco clínico basado en la evidencia para evaluar y mitigar el riesgo cardiovascular asociado a la exposición a la contaminación atmosférica.
- Empoderar a los médicos con herramientas e intervenciones para abordar este desafío de salud global.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la carga global y los mecanismos de las enfermedades cardiovasculares atribuibles a la contaminación.
- Desarrollo de una herramienta de selección de pacientes basada en los factores de riesgo de exposición a la contaminación.
- Discusión de métodos para cuantificar la exposición a la contaminación atmosférica y el riesgo cardiovascular, incluida la cartografía de riesgos.
- Compilación de intervenciones de contaminación del aire en el hogar y al aire libre para su aplicación clínica.
Principales resultados:
- La contaminación por partículas en el aire es un factor importante de los resultados cardiovasculares.
- Se propone una herramienta de detección práctica y métodos de cuantificación de riesgos.
- Se revisan las intervenciones clínicamente aplicables para diversas fuentes de contaminación.
Conclusiones:
- Los médicos pueden desempeñar un papel vital en la reducción de la carga de las enfermedades cardiovasculares relacionadas con la contaminación del aire.
- El plan propuesto proporciona una base para la práctica clínica basada en la evidencia en este ámbito.
- Se necesitan más investigaciones para refinar la cuantificación de la exposición y validar las intervenciones.
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