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Fotocátodos de NiO altamente activos para la producción de H2O habilitados a través de la transferencia de electrones

Onyu Jung¹, Michael L Pegis¹, Zixuan Wang¹

¹Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|February 22, 2018

Resumen

Se desarrollaron fotocátodos de óxido de níquel (NiO) altamente activos para la producción de combustible solar. Estos fotocátodos de NiO sensibilizados por colorantes producen eficientemente peróxido de hidrógeno (H2O2) a partir del oxígeno utilizando luz visible.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias de los materiales
La electroquímica
La fotoquímica

Sus antecedentes:

Las células de fotoelectrosíntesis sensibilizadas al tinte en tándem son clave para la producción de combustible solar.
La baja eficiencia del fotocátodo limita las densidades de corriente en estos sistemas.
El desarrollo de fotocatodos eficientes es crucial para el avance de las tecnologías de combustible solar.

Objetivo del estudio:

Informar sobre un nuevo principio de diseño para fotocátodos altamente activos.
Para demostrar la producción de peróxido de hidrógeno (H2O2) utilizando fotocátodos de óxido de níquel (NiO) sensibilizados con colorantes.
Investigar el mecanismo de reducción de la esfera externa para mejorar la fotoelectrosíntesis.

Principales métodos:

La sensibilización del óxido de níquel (NiO) con tintes de porfirina, cumarina y rutenio.
Fabricación de fotocátodos de NiO para la fotoelectrosíntesis.
Mediciones electroquímicas bajo irradiación de luz visible en agua casi neutral.
Experimentos de fotoelectrolisis a granel durante 24 horas.

Principales resultados:

Los fotocátodos de NiO sensibilizados con colorante lograron grandes fotocorrientes (hasta 400 μA/cm2) para la producción de H2O2.
La fotoelectrosíntesis funcionó cerca del potencial termodinámico para la conversión de O2/H2O2.
La electrólisis a granel produjo concentraciones millimolares de H2O2 con una eficiencia faradaica del 100%.
El mecanismo implica la formación de superóxido y la desproporción.

Conclusiones:

Los fotocátodos de NiO desarrollados se encuentran entre los más activos reportados para las transformaciones multiprotón/multielectrón.
La estrategia de reducción de la esfera externa elude los desafíos de separación de pares de agujeros de electrones.
Este trabajo permite nuevas aplicaciones para las células de fotoelectrosíntesis en la producción de combustible solar.

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