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Diversidad y diversificación de las aves a nivel mundial

Ignacio Quintero¹, Walter Jetz^1,2

¹Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.

|February 22, 2018

Resumen

Los picos de biodiversidad en las montañas a menudo se deben a especies extendidas, no a una mayor diversificación. Las elevaciones más altas muestran disminuciones lineales en la riqueza, con una rápida diversificación que impulsa la biodiversidad montana única.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ecología
Biología evolutiva
Ciencias de la biodiversidad

Sus antecedentes:

Las cadenas montañosas son puntos calientes de biodiversidad que enfrentan amenazas ambientales.
La caracterización global de los gradientes de biodiversidad elevacional ha sido limitada por datos y herramientas.
La comprensión de los procesos de montaje y mantenimiento de las comunidades montañosas es crucial.

Objetivo del estudio:

Caracterizar globalmente los gradientes de biodiversidad de elevación y sus orígenes evolutivos.
Investigar las causas de la riqueza de aves en las cadenas montañosas.
Comprender el papel de las tasas de diversificación en la configuración de la biodiversidad montana.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de la riqueza de especies de aves en las cadenas montañosas globales.
Procedimientos de submuestreo para tener en cuenta el tamaño de la gama de especies.
Comparación de las tasas de diversificación a través de gradientes elevacionales.

Principales resultados:

Un pico mundial de altura media en la riqueza de aves es un artefacto de una amplia gama de especies.
La riqueza corregida por el tamaño del rango disminuye linealmente con el aumento de la elevación.
A mayor altitud, las agrupaciones empobrecidas muestran mayores tasas de diversificación.
Las tasas de cambio de temperatura pasadas se correlacionan con las tasas de diversificación a través de las elevaciones.

Conclusiones:

El pico aparente de la altura media en la riqueza de aves es un artefacto del tamaño de la gama de especies.
La biodiversidad de mayor altitud está formada por procesos de diversificación recientes y en curso.
Las fluctuaciones climáticas son factores clave de la dinámica evolutiva de la biodiversidad de las montañas.

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