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Emergencia temprana de la diversidad de interneuronas corticales en el embrión de ratón
Da Mi1,2, Zhen Li3, Lynette Lim1,2
1Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 24, 2018
Resumen
La diversidad temprana en el desarrollo de la interneurona cortical del ratón se establece por células progenitoras distintas. Los programas de transcripción en los precursores embrionarios dictan las diversas clases de interneuronas de ácido γ-aminobutírico (GABA) que se encuentran en el cerebro adulto.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Biología del desarrollo
- La genómica
Sus antecedentes:
- Las interneuronas corticales, que utilizan el ácido γ-aminobutírico (GABA) como su neurotransmisor, son cruciales para regular la actividad del circuito neuronal en el cerebro de los mamíferos.
- Estas interneuronas exhiben una diversidad estructural y funcional significativa, contribuyendo a las funciones cerebrales complejas.
- Comprender los orígenes del desarrollo de esta diversidad es esencial para comprender el desarrollo normal del cerebro y los trastornos neurológicos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los orígenes de la diversidad estructural y funcional entre las interneuronas corticales de ratón.
- Identificar distintos tipos de células progenitoras y neuronas recién nacidas en las eminencias ganglionares embrionarias.
- Aclarar el papel de los patrones de transcripción en la diferenciación temprana de las interneuronas.
Principales métodos:
- Se empleó la transcriptómica unicelular para analizar los perfiles de expresión génica de las células en el cerebro en desarrollo del ratón.
- El análisis se centró en las células progenitoras y las neuronas recién postmitóticas dentro de las eminencias ganglionares.
- Los patrones de transcripción se correlacionaron con las clases eventuales de interneuronas en la corteza cerebral adulta.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron tipos distintos de células progenitoras y neuronas recién nacidas en las eminencias ganglionares embrionarias.
- Estos precursores embrionarios muestran patrones de transcripción temporal y espacialmente restringidos.
- Estas diferencias transcripcionales tempranas se relacionaron con la aparición de diferentes clases de interneuronas corticales.
Conclusiones:
- La diversidad de las interneuronas corticales se establece temprano en el desarrollo, originándose en precursores embrionarios distintos.
- Los programas de transcripción presentes poco después de que las neuronas se convierten en posmitóticas son críticos para guiar la diferenciación posterior.
- Este estudio revela que la diversidad de las interneuronas está genéticamente codificada durante su desarrollo embrionario temprano.
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