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The range is one of the measures of variation. It can be defined as the difference between a dataset's highest and lowest values. For example, in the study of seven 16-ounce soda cans, the filled volume of soda was measured, thus producing the following amount (in ounces) of soda:
15.9; 16.1; 15.2; 14.8; 15.8; 15.9; 16.0; 15.5
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In the field of psychology, there are several ways to organize measurements of a trait, feature, or characteristic (i.e., variables). Qualitative data, such as ethnicity, can be tabulated into a frequency count to provide information about the proportion, as well as the variety of groups in a sample or population. On the other hand, researchers can perform a wider set of calculations on quantitative data. The mean, mode, and median, for instance, are central tendency measures to identify a...
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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
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Consider a cylindrical shaft with a length denoted by L and a consistent cross-sectional radius referred to as r. This shaft undergoes a torque at the free end. The highest shearing strain within the shaft is directly proportional to the twist angle and the radial distance from the shaft axis. When the shaft behaves elastically, this shearing strain can be articulated using variables such as the applied torque, radial distance, the polar moment of inertia, and the modulus of rigidity. By...
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Range Rule of Thumb to Interpret Standard Deviation01:13

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The range rule of thumb in statistics helps us calculate a dataset's minimum and maximum values with known standard deviation. This rule is based on the concept that 95% of all values in a dataset lie within two standard deviations from the mean.
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Distancia óptica ultrarrápida mediante el uso de peines de frecuencia solitónica de microrresonador

P Trocha1, M Karpov2, D Ganin1

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Los microrresonadores de nitruro de silicio integrados permiten sistemas de medición de frecuencias ópticas compactos y de alto rendimiento. Esta tecnología ofrece mediciones de distancia ultrarrápidas para aplicaciones como la conducción autónoma y la detección industrial.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Fotónica y ingeniería óptica
  • Óptica integrada
  • Metrología

Sus antecedentes:

  • La detección y el alcance de la luz (LiDAR) son cruciales en la ciencia y la industria.
  • Los peines de frecuencia óptica ofrecen una mayor velocidad y precisión en el alcance óptico.
  • La creciente demanda de sistemas de alcance compactos en la detección industrial, la navegación con drones y la conducción autónoma.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Demostrar sistemas de alcance a escala de chip utilizando generación integrada de peine de Kerr.
  • Para lograr mediciones de distancia de alto rendimiento con dispositivos compactos.

Principales métodos:

  • Generación de peine Soliton Kerr en microrresonadores de nitruro de silicio integrados
  • Medidas de distancia con doble peine.
  • Mediciones de la velocidad de adquisición.

Principales resultados:

  • Se han demostrado mediciones de distancia de doble peine con desviaciones de Allan de hasta 12 nanómetros en tiempos promedio de 13 microsegundos.
  • Alcanzó velocidades de adquisición ultrarrápidas de 100 megahertz.
  • Habilitado el muestreo en vuelo de proyectiles a 150 metros por segundo.

Conclusiones:

  • Los peines de solitón integrados de Kerr ofrecen un camino viable a la escala de chip de alto rendimiento.
  • La combinación de estos sistemas con matrices de fases nanofotónicas podría conducir a un rango compacto y ultrarrápido para aplicaciones masivas.