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Seguimiento de la huella global de la pesca
David A Kroodsma1, Juan Mayorga2,3, Timothy Hochberg4
1Global Fishing Watch, Washington, DC 20036, USA. david@globalfishingwatch.org.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 24, 2018
Resumen
Los barcos pesqueros cubren más de la mitad del océano, una huella mucho mayor que la agricultura. Los patrones mundiales de pesca están más influenciados por las vacaciones y los cierres que por los cambios económicos o ambientales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ecología marina
- Ciencias de la pesca
- La oceanografía
Sus antecedentes:
- La explotación humana de los recursos naturales a través de la pesca está muy extendida.
- La huella global de las actividades pesqueras sigue siendo poco conocida y no cuantificada.
- Los conjuntos de datos anteriores carecían de la resolución espacial y temporal para mapear con precisión el esfuerzo pesquero.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Cuantificar la huella dinámica global del esfuerzo pesquero industrial.
- Crear un mapa dinámico y de alta resolución de la actividad pesquera en todo el mundo.
- Analizar los factores que influyen en los patrones mundiales de pesca.
Principales métodos:
- Procesado 22 mil millones de mensajes del Sistema de Identificación Automática (AIS).
- Rastreo de más de 70.000 buques pesqueros industriales entre 2012 y 2016.
- Desarrolló un conjunto de datos sobre el esfuerzo pesquero mundial de alta resolución.
Principales resultados:
- La pesca industrial ocurre en más del 55% de la superficie oceánica mundial.
- La extensión espacial de la pesca es más de cuatro veces la de la agricultura.
- Los patrones de pesca mostraron una baja sensibilidad a las variaciones económicas y ambientales a corto plazo.
- Los patrones de pesca respondieron fuertemente a eventos culturales y políticos como las vacaciones y los cierres.
Conclusiones:
- La pesca industrial tiene una huella global vasta y penetrante.
- La distribución del esfuerzo pesquero está significativamente influenciada por factores centrados en el ser humano y no solo por factores ambientales o económicos.
- Este estudio ofrece una solución sin precedentes para comprender y gestionar los impactos mundiales de la pesca.
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